tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-352998342024-02-06T21:08:18.214-08:00Kev's Climate ColumnI write these emails, letters and essays without hope of being listened to, with the certainty of being persecuted, but true to the commitment that I made to my children that when I die I can at least say "I did everything I could."
In honor of Rodolfo Walsh - executed by the Argentinian Junta, 1977
Follow me on Twitter at kevin lister
@kevsclimatecolKevin Listerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11243536863193796008noreply@blogger.comBlogger263125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35299834.post-3693525831206650742022-05-13T02:40:00.003-07:002022-05-19T07:28:43.382-07:00Transgender teaching replaces sustainablity teaching in schools<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi1rEVxopvNtosConopIDU2T78KOD_TKlTr00W4hF5EANpp8DxmqVhsAzdmSrJbu-tvHcvf73QlklabU3pLKgd37oaY4tZuthl4_hRITpyuY5nr133gMEBh-VEbPYxeGGlGHT1t2HA8uMSpnsaunSmWuM1BA7tZ7Yain_UTEf5LsltbHXt7QQ" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="512" data-original-width="771" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi1rEVxopvNtosConopIDU2T78KOD_TKlTr00W4hF5EANpp8DxmqVhsAzdmSrJbu-tvHcvf73QlklabU3pLKgd37oaY4tZuthl4_hRITpyuY5nr133gMEBh-VEbPYxeGGlGHT1t2HA8uMSpnsaunSmWuM1BA7tZ7Yain_UTEf5LsltbHXt7QQ" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><p>I authored a submission to the UN in 2018 which was written in conjunction with leading climate change scientists. The analysis it contained demonstrated the safe global temperature rise had to be less than 0.5degC. This was passed in1980. It is far lower than the politically set 1.5degC target the world has been using and which is soon to be passed. Since 1980, cumulative CO2 emissions have more than doubled. It is impossible to overstate how seriously catastrophic the climate crisis now is.</p><p>Young people looking to the future know they will have to inherent the mess the boomer generation created, and know when they get there, they will be contrasting the ruins they have inherited with the utopia the boomers had. They don’t need to be experts on climate change to know this any more than steering class passengers on the Titanic didn’t need to be Naval Architects to be the first to know the ship was sinking when the water went over their feet. </p><p>In response to the first wave of global climate change protests from 2005-2010, sustainability was introduced into school curriculums. This was to be evaluated by Ofstead for compliance. No one knew what it was and or what it meant, and anything to do with sustainability ultimately led to depressing discussions on the curtailment of personal liberties and collective doom. Sustainability has now been quietly removed and I have not seen a single Ofstead report criticise a school for lack of sustainability teaching. I don’t even talk to my students about climate change, unless specifically asked. That space has been filled with gender ideology. It’s easier to talk about, it’s less divisive than climate change, and everyone can feel good about themselves either by partaking or supporting someone that is.</p><p>Teaching transgenderism in schools contrasts positively with teaching about sustainability and climate change doom. Transgenderism presents a future of multicolours and personal liberty. Sustainability presents a black future and curtailment of liberties. Transgenederism capitalises on a false equivalence with diversity. The diversity that it presents is an easier diversity for society to accept than that which is needed to accommodate the billions of people who are soon to flood over nation-state borders to escape climate change disasters. Transgenderism allows society to tick difficult boxes without doing the hard work associated with them.</p><p>Past civilisations share the common trait of sacrificing children to their chosen gods when faced with collapse. Today, transgenderism is society's way of sacrificing young people to the gods of medical technology and market forces in the face of collapse. It is working, in some schools 1 in 15 girls are presenting as transgender and there is virtually no worthwhile sustainability teaching on any curriculum. </p><div><br /></div>Kevin Listerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11243536863193796008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35299834.post-24623904260756279512019-09-18T13:35:00.001-07:002020-02-01T03:28:25.607-08:00Comments on the IPCC Special Report on 1.5degC<div class="font_9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #72858c; font-family: Arial, "ms pゴシック", "ms pgothic", 돋움, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
The IPCC report is available here <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><a data-content="http://www.ipcc.ch/report/sr15/" data-type="external" href="http://www.ipcc.ch/report/sr15/" rel="undefined" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">http://www.ipcc.ch/report/sr15/</a></span> and the comments in the list below are not meant as an exhaustive and definitive list, but simply follow from a first reading. Others may decide there are other omissions or may disagree with those that we have made, in which case I welcome your comments.</div>
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1. There is no estimate of an equilibrium sea level rise at 1.5 degC. This is a serious omission when paleoclimate records demonstrate that the last time we had 400ppm the sea level was 23 meters higher than today.</div>
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2. There is no evidence that a 10 billion global population can be sustained if the temperature rises to 1.5degC. The observed crisis we have seen this year when the temperatures breached 1.16degC above baseline suggests that long term temperature rises of 1.5degC above baseline is inherently incompatible with sustaining a 10 billion population.</div>
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3. The report assumes that if the temperature overshoots the 1.5degC target, it can be reversed, but this takes no account of irreversibility and hysteresis in the climate system due to such factors as sea ice loss, methane releases and increasing ocean heat content and is counter to the warning of irreversibility in AR5.</div>
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4. The report gives little analysis on persistent upward pressure of CO2 emissions, yet its recommendation to avoid runaway climate change is to get to zero carbon by 2040. To put this in perspective, Schlumberger are currently expecting oil production to rise from 96 million barrels/day to 120 million barrels/day by 2020 and are gearing up accordingly.</div>
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5. The best odds the report offers to avoid 1.5 degC in the event of obtaining zero carbon is only 66%. For something of such seriousness, a probability of 95% should be used.</div>
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6. To have the best chance of limiting temperatures to 1.5degC, the report assumes methane emissions go to zero, but these are increasing exponentially in the critical Arctic regions.</div>
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7. A key assumption in the report is that BECCS will reduce atmospheric CO2, but the report does not consider the thermal efficiency of BECCS power plants and simple calculations show that this can be no more than 7% once the energy for gas compression is included, and it will most likely be negative once the energy for separation is included, so it more likely that BECSS will add CO2 to the environment rather than remove it.</div>
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8. There appears to be no consideration in the report of the rapid global temperature increases that have occurred over the last 12 months. </div>
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9. In the text of Chapter 2 of the report it states that “SSP-based modelling studies of mitigation pathways have identified high challenges to mitigation for worlds with a focus on domestic issues and regional security,” but the need for proactive security management has not made it into the Summary for Policy Makers (SPM) and is not being considered in policy responses.</div>
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10. There does not seem to be any acknowledgment or consideration in the report that the extreme events of this year could be indicative of the climate now entering a condition of rapid and self-reinforcing transition from the habitable Holocene to uninhabitable Hot-house conditions. If the concerns on the danger of interacting feedbacks mechanisms and a tendency towards super exponential change are valid, then the temperature spike of the last year cannot be dismissed as a short term anomaly and instead it should be considered as potentially strong evidence that rapid change is now underway.</div>
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11. The implications of the logarithmic relationship between radiative forcing and CO2 concentration has not been considered in determining policy needed to stablise temperatures at 1.5degC. The effect of this relationship means that a 50ppm increase from 280 to 330 ppm increases radiative forcing by 0.88, but a 50ppm reduction from 450 to 400ppm reduces radiative forcing by only 0.68, thus once the initial warming has triggered amplification mechanisms then future hypothetical reductions in CO2 will be unable to provide an adequate cooling effect to offset the thermal inertia that will have built up.</div>
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12. Despite Chapter 4 of the report indicating Solar Radiation Management (SRM) can be a useful contribution to climate change, the SPM rejects SRM and instead suggests that policy should be focused on carbon reduction and carbon removal even though all the available evidence strongly suggests that this cannot be done anywhere near fast enough to avoid initiating interacting climate change feedback mechanisms.</div>
Kevin Listerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11243536863193796008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35299834.post-62931920314382989502018-05-11T06:02:00.001-07:002018-05-11T06:02:22.482-07:00Submission to the UN Talanoa Dialogue <br />
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Through the UN Talanoa Dialogue, all countries and other stakeholders, including business, investors, cities, regions and civil society, are invited to make submissions into the Talanoa Dialogue around three central questions: Where are we? Where do we want to go? How do we get there?</div>
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Countries and non-Party stakeholders will be contributing ideas, recommendations and information that can assist the world in taking climate action to the next level in order to meet the objectives of the Paris Agreement and support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).</div>
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Submission is here:</div>
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<u><span style="color: #0066cc;"><a href="https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/1741a6_114efddd53d948488a303935463c93d9.pdf">The role for an integrated climate restoration strategy; the setting of targets and timescales; the methodologies and funding options (Submitted, 1st April)</a></span></u><br />
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Atmospheric CO2 is already at unsurvivable levels which will lead to sea level rises of up to 30m and catastrophic temperature rises, yet it is still increasing at a rate that is faster than exponential.</div>
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There is an unspoken paradox with climate change; as climate change intensifies then the increasing competitive rivalries between nations that it causes prevents the co-operation needed to agree to the mutual sacrifices needed for a zero carbon economy.</div>
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The coal reefs stated dying and the Arctic polar ice cap started melting in 1980 when CO2 was 336ppm, thus the world then was already well on the way to disaster. So, planning for a 1.5 degC temperature rise is a suicide note; this target needs to be replaced with a new target, which is that the maximum temperate rises should not exceed 0.5deg C over the pre-industrial baseline.</div>
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ANY temperature rise will lead to catastrophic heating due to the interacting nature of the amplifying effects such as methane, sea ice melt and increased water vapour content, so if the temperature increases to 1.5degC (which is where we most likely are today) it will lead to unstoppable temperature increases. It also means that even the more radical 0.5degC target that we propose could be too high.</div>
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NO measurable levels of CO2 have been sequestered by natural processes since the start of the industrial revolution and natural processes will take approximately 250,000 years to return the planet to an upper CO2 threshold of stability (approx 300ppm), and even at this level of CO2, then sea levels would be at least 10 meters higher than today. So even the emergence of a zero-carbon economy tomorrow would not help due to the persistence of legacy CO2 in the atmosphere and oceans.</div>
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There is a very high level of hysteresis (irreversibility) in the climate system caused by ocean heat content and ice albedo loss, but in particular due to the logarithmic relationship between CO2 and radiative forcing. The implications of this have been completely ignored by policy makers.</div>
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Proposed methods for CO2 removal from the atmosphere that the COP temperature projections are based on, such as BECCS and DAC are so fundamentally flawed, they are likely to add more CO2 to the atmosphere than they will take out.</div>
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<div class="font_8" style="line-height: 1.2em;">
<span class="wixGuard"></span></div>
<ul class="font_8" style="line-height: 1.2em;">
<li style="line-height: 1.2em;"><div class="font_8" style="line-height: 1.2em;">
The only way of removing CO2 is through bio enhancement, such as increasing carbon content in soils and biomass in the oceans, but natural limits means this will most likely take thousands of years to remove sufficient CO2 for a return to stability.</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="font_8" style="line-height: 1.2em;">
<span class="wixGuard"></span></div>
<ul class="font_8" style="line-height: 1.2em;">
<li style="line-height: 1.2em;"><div class="font_8" style="line-height: 1.2em;">
To survive we must immediately start a solar radiation management program, and marine cloud brightening is probably the only option, in as much that it is scalable, controllable and sustainable over long periods. The scale of the cooling needed will increase at least exponentially with delay, and as we will soon be at the point where the climatic changes under way will be irreversible then there is a moral imperative to make an immediate start.</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="font_8" style="line-height: 1.2em;">
<span class="wixGuard"></span></div>
<ul class="font_8" style="line-height: 1.2em;">
<li style="line-height: 1.2em;"><div class="font_8" style="line-height: 1.2em;">
The techniques that we develop now for climate restoration (cooling and bio enabled CO2 sequestration) must be capable of continued operation by future societies that have become dysfunctional due to the pressures imposed on them by climate change.</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="font_8" style="line-height: 1.2em;">
<span class="wixGuard"></span></div>
<ul class="font_8" style="line-height: 1.2em;">
<li style="line-height: 1.2em;"><div class="font_8" style="line-height: 1.2em;">
There is no evidence that a carbon tax will be agreed by governments to either curtail emissions or raise funds for a climate restoration program that can either be guaranteed in the long term or done in time. We thus propose that this issue is handed to the insurance and reinsurance markets, whereby a climate change premium is imposed on fossil fuel extraction and can be set by normal actuarial processes</div>
</li>
</ul>
Kevin Listerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11243536863193796008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35299834.post-15777697653672338812017-02-08T08:08:00.003-08:002017-02-08T08:33:23.111-08:00Tearing things down<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjX0Ha6mFiEFPLOF-jgqXFxYwwGvlNbYJgZqtCnwd9n0-vwLYRANMr_bTORU2eLh-ovXNUsh1hV4VOVJbpUI1jAEKmhICEnoGXpSOohMwSlnHJU9bim6_oGqvfRmr5OP39DgGpb/s1600/3MIMG3HG.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="155" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjX0Ha6mFiEFPLOF-jgqXFxYwwGvlNbYJgZqtCnwd9n0-vwLYRANMr_bTORU2eLh-ovXNUsh1hV4VOVJbpUI1jAEKmhICEnoGXpSOohMwSlnHJU9bim6_oGqvfRmr5OP39DgGpb/s320/3MIMG3HG.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
What happens when you get to the end and come to the realisation that hope exists no more? <br />
<br />
Do you play like the band on the deck of the Titanic, or fight for the last life boat knowing that there are not enough seats, or smash what is left of the Titanic and kill its officers in a fit of rage for their stupidity?<br />
<br />
For too long the environmental movement and the left played the story that the most critical issue of our time, climate change, could be managed by a capricious transition to renewal power driven by the enlightened desire of all to co-operate to avoid an evident mutual annihilation. They told us that all we had to do was to destroy capitalism, or raise our ambition, or invest more in renewable power and all would be well. <br />
<br />
It was a mind numbingly poor position to put forward. Simply hoping for the best, no matter how hard you hope is not going to bring it about. <br />
<br />
Destroying capitalism meant having a rationing economy and not one prominent leader of the populist left pressed this politically sensitive debate. Thus we still have destructive capitalism.<br />
<br />
Meanwhile too many people crowded the debate on climate change with absurd projections and mistruths. They told the world it could continue to have economic growth with a renewable economy and all that was stopping the roll out of electric cars was conspiratorial behaviour by the car manufactures. Furthermore, in a bid to attract votes the various Green parties around the world told of a positive image of the future if we could only embrace the policies that they couldn't prove.<br />
<br />
Like many often repeated mistruths, people started to believe them and even the people spouting out such nonsense also started to believe them. It is into this vacuum of truth that has been sucked the real liars whose only objective was self-satisfaction through nihilism. <br />
<br />
And that is what we have today, almost everywhere. Thus, our collective solution to our sinking ship is to smash it and kill the officers in a fit of rage that will accelerate our demise. So everywhere that matters is now following the paths to nihilism.....<br />
<br />
Just when we thought that no organisation could be as bad as Al Qaeda, along came ISIS with its absolute commitment to destruction and the darkest recesses of the human mind and its allure to the disposed of the industrial societies with the most un-provable promise of virgins in heaven.<br />
<br />
The optimistic birth of a democratic Russia from a dysfunctional communist dictatorship was been hijacked by a MAFIA government whose guiding principles and philosophy were lifted straight from Mario Puzio’s Godfather trilogy. <br />
<br />
The great European experiment in co-operation that was the EU has been torn apart on a bed of lies and mistruths. Those lies ignored its painful birth in response to the blood shed by millions and the destruction of centuries of heritage in a bid to ensure the evils of nationalism never triumph the disciplines of co-operation.<br />
<br />
And now, for all its faults, the nation that once aspired to the highest ideals has in Donald Trump elected a despotic leader so ignorant in world affairs as to believe that the climate change is a fraud perpetrated by the Chinese. His nihilistic response to the most fundamental crisis of our times will surely exceed all the destruction that ISIS can even muster and it will firmly place Donald Trump in the position of the world’s worst and most dangerous leader ever.<br />
<br />
Even Hitler was not able to destroy the world and Stalin backed away from its prospect, but Donald Trump embraces it. His adherence to nihilism is the flip side of the ISIS coin.Kevin Listerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11243536863193796008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35299834.post-21332447468772015122016-08-11T08:14:00.001-07:002016-08-11T13:09:46.753-07:00Email to IPCC focal points<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx-UEkeAINYB6ShjWy1knD22ooq-qoUhzg6hsKsInNk1NjEmarVewL8hb_KJvRNPyatv0s2HsOr4Smjn02ZW4zgk-Y3cJ5R6MsbkvCreR4DZv6gU0t-j5QKRRZWPxPpynBSWX7/s1600/IPCC+header.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="52" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx-UEkeAINYB6ShjWy1knD22ooq-qoUhzg6hsKsInNk1NjEmarVewL8hb_KJvRNPyatv0s2HsOr4Smjn02ZW4zgk-Y3cJ5R6MsbkvCreR4DZv6gU0t-j5QKRRZWPxPpynBSWX7/s320/IPCC+header.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">We are writing to you along with all other focal points at the
coming <a href="http://www.ipcc.ch/apps/nominations/scoping/sr15/public/" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470855236638_3673">IPCC meeting</a> (August 15th onwards) to discuss the
implications of a 1.5<sup id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470855236638_3674">0</sup>C
temperature increase. We wish to offer a necessary course of action that has a
genuine chance of success and which can break the deadlock that we are already
trapped in. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">As we are sure you are already aware, there is no chance that the
temperature rise can be held beneath 1.5<sup id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470855236638_3679">0</sup>C, even if we were to
implement a zero carbon global economy tomorrow. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">The clear, but brutal, evidence from every critical measurement is
that runaway climate change has begun. This has been reinforced by the
extraordinary temperature rises that have occurred since the Paris COP which
have taken the global temperature almost up to the agreed target.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">All the statistics reflect this hypothesis. Atmospheric CO<sub id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470855236638_3688">2</sub>, oceanic and atmospheric
temperatures, sea ice extent, methane emissions and precipitation are all changing
at rates that exceed the worst case model predictions. In many cases, these
continue to change at exponential like rates in spite of current efforts and
discussions to implement a zero carbon economy. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">We cannot afford to wait for critical temperature increases to
occur before we take action, instead we must start action today based on the
exceptional rate of change observed in the variables listed above. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">We must also be realistic. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">There is a significant time constant between a CO<sub id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470855236638_3701">2</sub> increase and a temperature
response. We don’t know what this is, but it is likely to be significantly
longer than 30 years and it is prudent for us to work on this assumption. As we
are already about to breach the 1.5<sup id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470855236638_3702">0</sup>C temperature increase (see
our warning <a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/cop21-paris-deal-far-too-weak-to-prevent-devastating-climate-change-academics-warn-a6803096.html" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470855236638_3703">here</a>), then the emissions added
in the last 10 years along with the time constant make it impossible to maintain a
temperature rise below 2<sup id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470855236638_3704">0</sup>C.
Thus, our current approach of controlling temperatures by relying on developing
technologies for a low carbon economy and hoping these can out compete fossil
fuels is quite simply inadequate on its own. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">We are already seeing our global political system coming under
strain before the temperature has even got to 1.5<sup id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470855236638_3709">0</sup>C. Mass migration, heat waves,
floods, war, terrorism and land grabs have become the norm for news headlines.
The result is that competition for resources is usurping co-operation for the
common good. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">As the warming that is already in the pipeline comes through,
competition will increase and the chance of the mutual co-operation and
discipline needed for a successful transition to a zero carbon global economy
with all nations remaining in this state indefinitely reduces to zero for all
practical purposes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">It does not appear to us that this inevitable increase in global
competition has been factored into the COP agreements. This leads to an
inherent and unspoken critical danger within its process. That danger is the
illusion of success must be preserved at all times, even when this is
impossible. If the COP process fails to do this, then the negotiations will
break down and a deadly free-for-all will break out. The irony of this is that
the currently failing strategy is adhered to in a tightening embrace as the
situation worsens with the ultimate paradox that a free-for-all becomes
inevitable. (You may want to read our experiments on the emergence of free-for-alls
<a href="http://kevsclimatecolumn.blogspot.co.uk/2015/07/games-theory-extended-to-multiple-games.html" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470855236638_3718">here</a>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">The developing nations will be the first to suffer in the ensuing
free-for-all. Their weaker economic and military strengths mean they are
already suffering disproportionately from the climate change impacts caused by
the emissions of the more powerful nations that have gained competitive
advantage by continually subverting climate change agreements in the past.
Thus, the developing nations have nothing left to gain by taking the risk of
the mutual sacrifice needed to get to a zero carbon economy, especially if they
perceive that control of climate change is about to be lost. Ironically,
the regular mantra from politicians and the media is how severely affected the
poorest nations will be by climate change, thus backing up this
assertion. The result is that most developing nations are developing
plans for new fossil fuel driven economic growth as a hedge against coming climate
change loss, irrespective of the science of climate change and COP agreements.
The reciprocal response from the developed nations is to continue with business
as usual. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">The result for the planet will be continued inaction in spite of
the inevitable catastrophic consequence. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">It is thus essential that we collectively embark on a different
course of action that has a genuine prospect of success. The heart of this is a
systematic climate restoration programme which is based on a three pronged
strategy which consists of <b id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470855236638_3731">cooling</b>
the planet using marine cloud brightening, <b id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470855236638_3732">sequestrating</b> CO2 using slow
release of nutrients into the ocean and <b id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470855236638_3733">restoration</b> of the Arctic
ecosystem using ice thickening techniques. With the three interventions being
deployed in the order given, we believe the climate system can be stabilised
and runaway climate change avoided. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">We summarise each of these below, and include a further extension
of their application to address atmospheric methane accumulation, with further
details being available on our website, <a href="http://www.climate-restoration-foundation.com/" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470855236638_3738">http://www.climate-restoration-foundation.com</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.climate-restoration-foundation.com/#!marine-cloud-brightening/c17u0" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470855236638_3744" style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">We will cool the planet by
Marine Cloud Brightening</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;"> using a novel technique with a fluidic
oscillator which allows seeding of marine clouds using salt water sprays. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">This is the most energy efficient, controllable and safe way of increasing
the planet’s albedo. This replicates the natural formation of marine
clouds, so it is inherently safe. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">By
using it to block the heat flux into the planet at the subtropics, it will
prevent excessive heat flowing to the Arctic and help the reflective ice
cap to be re-established. It can also be used to protect coral reefs from
bleaching and to mitigate extreme weather events.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.climate-restoration-foundation.com/#!buoyant-nutrient-flakes/uy8re" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470855236638_3752" style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">We will sequestrate CO2</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;"> from
the atmosphere by fertilising the ocean surfaces with buoyant nutrient
flakes. This is the most rapid method of converting the excess CO2 in the
ecosystem into biomass and exceeds by far the speed that can be achieved
with any land based method. </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">Converting
CO2 into biomass also reverses ocean acidification. Without tackling this,
most marine ecologies will not survive in anything other than a grievously
impoverished state. The consequences of this would be starvation and a
further diminution in the ocean’s ability to sequester CO2.</span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.climate-restoration-foundation.com/#!ice-cap-thickening/fbybd" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470855236638_3760" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">We will thicken the Arctic Ice
Cap</a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"> using renewable power systems which can be deployed over multiple
years to pump water from below the ice sheet to its surface in the winter
months. The restored ice cap will lead to an increase in the planet’s
albedo, stabilise the jet stream, restore the Arctic habitat and trap
methane emissions. The act of pumping water onto the ice surfaces
acts as a planetary radiator. This needs to be rolled out in conjunction
with the MCB to be most effective.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.climate-restoration-foundation.com/#!removal-of-atmospheric-methane/y36jb" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470855236638_3766" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">We will bring atmospheric
methane levels down</a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"> using two methods. Firstly we will stop methane
getting into the atmosphere by tailoring the nutrient recipes on the
buoyant nutrient flakes to favour methanotrophs. Secondly, we will use the
fluidic oscillator to disperse iron chloride salts which in the presence
of sunlight which will convert methane to CO2 a thousand times faster than
would occur in naturally.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">It is critical that this programme is started immediately.
We are already heading for an ice free Arctic Ocean in September and once we
pass this critical threshold, the effectiveness of our proposed strategy will
rapidly diminish, with the risk that at some point in the near future it will
be overwhelmed by events. This is not an attempt to hold a gun to the
heads of policy makers, but a sober and clinical assessment of the facts. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">At the same time much work needs to be done - engineering and
scientific validations are needed; approvals need to be sought; funding needs
to secured; equipment must be manufactured and deployed and finally there is
the time constant of response. All this must be completed before the heat in
the pipe line strikes us and undermines our ability to co-ordinate a response.
Thus, the consequences of delay are critical and have been outlined in a <a href="http://media.wix.com/ugd/1741a6_a172d1a38f0d4c45a3eb6d6889272ffb.pptx?dn=Risk%20assessment%20presentatin.pptx" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470855236638_3773">risk assessment</a> we prepared in
May. In the relatively short time since preparing this presentation, events
have unfolded to support our worst fears associated with inaction. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">It is thus absolutely vital that this intervention strategy
becomes the subject of serious discussions at the coming meeting and we ask
your support in enabling this. As a minimum we need clear and unambiguous
political commitment towards this to enable us to secure seed funding for early
development. If this is not forthcoming, the consequences are too dire to
contemplate. Further to this, we need all the help that we can to secure that
initial funding. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Thus we write to you not as pessimists who have given up all hope
for the survival of higher forms of life on the planet, but as realistic
optimists who believe that once the reality is clear and a feasible solution is
evident, then better instincts will prevail allowing time to be safely bought
and competition avoided to allow the types of ideals implicit in the COP 21
agreement to be realised. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">We will be delighted to offer any support and information
delegates wish and we will remain humbly at your service. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">With kindest regards,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kevin Lister and Sev Clarke.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Kevin Listerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11243536863193796008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35299834.post-77696712305439272352015-12-29T05:38:00.000-08:002015-12-29T08:08:33.639-08:00We cannot leave geo-engineering any longer<b><u>Email to Geoffrey Clifton-Brown MP</u></b><br />
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Dear Geoffrey,<br />
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Climate change has now reached an unprecedented level of danger. Today, the temperature at the North Pole is 42 deg C higher than normal. This extreme heating is driving the deep Atlantic lows that are rendering many of our ancient cities uninhabitable.<br />
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More ominously, the heating of the Arctic is already triggering methane releases. It is estimated that 50 Gigatonnes of methane trapped in the Arctic region is at risk. Only a small percentage of this needs to be released to tip the planet into unrecoverable runaway climate change. The dynamics are such that small percentages will not be released, instead it will be all or nothing. It is on this premise that we must work.<br />
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Policy makers and computer models have assumed that the transition of our climate from its previous equilibrium that supported life and allowed our economic development to a new hostile equilibrium would be smooth and predictable. Instead it will be chaotic and unpredictable with increasingly large variance around the mean as we progress through the transition. This is what we are experiencing today.<br />
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Each swing around the mean during the transition will act like a jack hammer inflicting more damage and accelerating the speed of the transition. For example, the warming of the Pacific Ocean in the 1998 El Nino led to a significant increase in atmospheric CO2 which further intensified global heating. The El Nino of this year is far stronger. These non-linear pulses are accelerating us towards the point of economic and ecological no return. <br />
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Today's extreme heat at the North Pole is a thunderous crack of the climatic jack hammer as it nears its break through to the new equilibrium. <br />
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We have nothing to counter this. Despite the hype, the #COP21 talks were a failure. No legally binding agreements were made and the CO2 targets that were agreed will lead to a temperature increase far in excess of 2 deg C. So great is the cumulative damage already incurred, that even an emergency attempt to go immediately to a zero carbon economy would be futile on its own.<br />
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In light of our inability to tackle the climate change problem at its source by cutting CO2 emissions, we are forced to manage its consequences by mitigation measures. However, events around the world are already showing this to be a failure. Those of tomorrow will expose the extent of this failure even more brutally.<br />
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In the short period of time that we have left, we must embark on a geo-engineering program that will simultaneously sequestrate CO2 from the atmosphere and cool the Arctic. The extreme events in the Arctic today mean that this must start this coming summer. After this, climate change will most likely have built up such momentum as to be unstoppable and the economic chaos in its wake may well preclude organisation of actions. <br />
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I would commend my colleague Professor Paul Beckwith (email: <a href="mailto:pbeck062@uottawa.ca">pbeck062@uottawa.ca</a>) to you and strongly urge you to watch his interview at <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DHi6rVPL-iU">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DHi6rVPL-iU</a> . He has long been advocating the seeding of oceans with iron oxide to encourage plankton growth and whitening of clouds and SO2 injection into the atmosphere during the summer months to cool the Arctic. </div>
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I would therefore urge you to act on this with the greatest of urgency by the following: </div>
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<li>Explore how you can lobby for geo-engineering </li>
<li>Press for government support of necessary research programmes </li>
<li>Circulate this message around other MPs. </li>
<li>Press for a parliamentary debate on geo-engineering </li>
<li>Contact the respective ministers who can advocate these actions on the international stage </li>
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Yours,</div>
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Kevin Lister</div>
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Further Reference: </div>
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Warm Arctic Storm To Hurl Hurricane Force Winds at UK and Iceland, Push Temps to 72+ Degrees (F) Above Normal at North Pole: <a href="http://robertscribbler.com/2015/12/27/warm-arctic-storm-to-hurl-hurricane-force-winds-at-uk-and-iceland-push-temps-to-72-degrees-f-above-normal-at-north-pole/">http://robertscribbler.com/2015/12/27/warm-arctic-storm-to-hurl-hurricane-force-winds-at-uk-and-iceland-push-temps-to-72-degrees-f-above-normal-at-north-pole/</a></div>
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Kevin Listerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11243536863193796008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35299834.post-33089532070814857622015-12-13T03:48:00.000-08:002015-12-15T06:49:40.561-08:00After the Euphoria of the COP 21<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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The world has been told again that a successful outcome from the climate change agreements has saved it, even though it agreed targets to guarantee a 3 deg C temperature increase and won't admit to knowing what is needed to limit this to 1.5 deg C. This is a green light for the world to develop fruitless computer models over the coming years to enable prevarication to take the place of action. </div>
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This annual charade has developed its own unique process. It agrees nothing when at the same time every thinking being, from humans to earthworms, knows the crisis is worsening. It glorifies failure as shining success and does little other than provide a platform for the leaders of the industrialised nations to hide their motivation to continue with destructive business as usual. </div>
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So now let's get real and do some crystal ball gazing of possible future scenarios:</div>
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1. Climate change destroys us by 2050. The Trident crews and other equivalents from China and Russia are the only remaining people on the planet. (This is the logical conclusion of the policies that the world's most powerful governments are pursuing, which is to avoid action on climate change and update nuclear weapon systems that will outlast the societies they purport to protect, and why this is at the top of the list).</div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2. </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.32px; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A right wing dictatorship takes over the UK and gains control of our nuclear deterrence. It then links with other similar dictatorships around the world and wipes out anyone considered to be undesirable. When George Osborne refuses to support a ban on Donald Trump, is prepared to dismantle our legal system and gets into bed with the Chinese over a massive nuclear deal, we are closer to this than many think.</span> </span></div>
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3. Our economy collapses, Greek style, under the weight of accumulated debt and climate change recovery costs. We are forced to sell our Trident system to the highest bidder or our largest creditor (most likely Russia, China or India). This is made more likely because the huge cost of building, operating and defending Trident is funded by debt.</div>
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4. Our economy collapses, Greek style, for the same reasons as above, but Britain cannot sell Trident. Trident then suffers a major nuclear failure because we cannot afford to maintain it or train its operators properly. If this happens near the coast, it leads to mass evacuations at a time when this is least possible to manage due to the issues of mass migration and economic collapse from climate change. In the worse case, it means millions of people are instantly incinerated as its warheads simultaneously explode. </div>
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5. At a time of rising international tensions, a captain on a Trident thinks that he is being followed by a new modern Russian Akula class submarine. Being the only submarine on patrol and knowing that spending cuts have resulted in no anti-submarine warfare capability he fears instant destruction. Being so worried, he makes a premature launch decision. After destroying Moscow and with London and New York suffering a retaliatory nuclear strike, he discovers that the acoustic trace was a false reading. </div>
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6. Alternatively, a captain on a Russian Akula class submarine following a Trident thinks that with climate change intensifying international tensions a premature launch is to be made and he destroys it, leading to a retaliatory strike from the US. </div>
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7. Because Russia is frightened by our Tridents, they build even more equivalent submarines. Events 5 and 6 above happen, but with the flags swapped around. The effect is still largely the same. </div>
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8. As a result of the international disorder brought about through climate change, nihilistic terrorists have managed to obtain several nuclear warheads and detonate their first with a suicide bomber in the middle of London. Just as with 9/11 when America attacked anyone they could think of, the UK fires its missiles at anyone it can think of.</div>
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9. As climate change intensifies and nations around the world realise they will be destroyed by runaway climate change, everyone goes mad. This affects all links in the nuclear command and control chain, from the presidents and prime ministers at the top to the battle field commanders with their fingers on the button at the bottom. Somewhere within this chain, a sane man is driven mad by the news and decides to end the pain by firing the warheads under his control.</div>
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10. We avoid all of the above, but as soon as the new Trident is completed, we have to start building another 4 replacement submarines to keep the submarine building companies in business. This time we do succeed in bankrupting the country and any one of the above happens.</div>
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Kevin Listerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11243536863193796008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35299834.post-50868344042978528122015-12-05T08:57:00.001-08:002015-12-05T13:57:12.095-08:00Green Party Annual Subscription<br />
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It's that time of year again – no,
not Christmas, but the time when I get a reminder to pay my
subscription to the Green Party.
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For what it is worth, the Green Party
is going to have to mange without me. I am sure they will continue
what they are doing just fine without my contribution.
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I did once think that it was vitally
important that there was a credible environmentally focused political party.
Today, I am not so sure. It seems to me that having a green party
gives undue credibility to an election process that we confuse for
democracy.</div>
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Our forefathers in Ancient Greece would
never have considered our model of governance to be a democracy. They
would brand it as an elected oligarchy far removed from their ideal
of everyone having a say in all critical decisions of state.
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The oligarchs that we have elected into
power today would immediately counter with the assertion that the
complexity of events and the speed decisions must be made means the
direct democracy the Ancient Greeks practised would not function.
They may have a point, but I doubt it. The very technology that is
causing so many problems today can also allow fast communication from
individual citizens to the points where decisions must be made. The
flip side of the objections from today's elected oligarchs is that
the very complexities and speed of today's events allows an abundance
of opportunities for exploitation, and this they take full
advantage of. The result is the revolving doors between government
and big business.</div>
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Our process of selecting oligarchs also
plays well to a society that has become lazy and hedonistic. It is
basically much easier to limit ones contribution to the democratic
process to a single vote every five years than it is to having to
contribute regularly on specific issues, many which may contain
difficult and uncomfortable choices. By contrast, when one's vote is
cast in the booth for an oligarch, it boils down to a distillation
of large sets of conflicting policies from one party compared with
another, mixed in with a personality analysis of someone that you
will never have had any direct contact with. A toss of a coin is as
good a tool for decision making as considered thought, this is
ultimately what many people are reduced to.</div>
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This deliberate limitation of
democratic involvement means that there is more opportunity available
for the general population to party and play. It is something that
many are grateful for as they select their oligarchs. It also
supports the fundamental objective of the industrialised market
states that we find ourselves in. That is the maximisation of opportunity
for their citizens.</div>
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Unfortunately for any environmentally
focused parties, the appointment of oligarchs is legitimised by the
process they participate in, yet they have no chance of success.
This would not be a problem if the elections could be fought on the
basis of selecting parties that offer the best long term policies for
human survival. But they never have and the never will. It is
virtually impossible to find an example in any industrialised country
were a government has been elected into power on the basis of it
pursuing environmental policies designed to ensure long term human
survival. By contrast, it is nearly impossible to find a government
that has not been elected into power on the basis of its policies to
extend industrialisation.
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I fear that the Green Party today, with
its talk of sustainable development, is merely offering another form
of industrial development. It is so wedded to this that in the last
election it was unable to speak the truth of the crisis facing the
planet. Buried in the middle of its manifesto was its commitment to
climate change. In a word for word copy from the Conservative Party's
manifesto, it said that if elected it would work with the
international community to keep global temperature rises below 2 deg
C. This is now impossible. Little intellectual thought is needed to
know that the worst nightmares of climate change can only be avoided
with a zero carbon economy today, not in 10 years time. This
emergency transition must be made when the impacts of climate change
are biting increasingly deep into the fabric of our society. It
will result in large scale social disruption and severe limitations
on personal freedom. There is no way around this. Yet, the Green
Party, like any other party that fancies a slice of power knows it
cannot talk of these truths so it does what every other party does,
it lies and presents policies that disingenuously offer false hope.
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The only thing that differentiates one
party from another is the quality of the lies they produce. The
favourite lie of the Green Party and other environmental movements
is “down with capitalism.” This is a good sound bite, until one
considers that capitalism in one form or another has been around
since the first days of human civilisation in Ancient Mesopotamia, so down with capitalism is unlikely to offer a solution in itself. By advocating this line of argument, The Green Party are simply making the mistake of many others; shouting down with something because it is easier to do than shouting
up with its alternative. It is a lesson that the Iranians discovered
in 1979, when they elected the Ayatollah Khomeini into power on a
policy of down with the Shah, only to discover they had moved into an
equally bad nightmare of no viable alternatives.
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For the Green Party, the flip side of
down with capitalism is “up with a rationing economy.”
Ironically, a commitment to carbon rationing was once something they
had in their manifesto, but now has been quietly dropped and in the
last election none of the party's main speakers advocated this. The reason is simple, “up with a rationing
economy,” means down with industrialisation and free choice. The
Green Party is no different from any other in being afraid to
advocate this philosophy.
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If this is not good enough justification for allowing my membership to lapse, then I offer one final and controversial thought. That is ISIS, our new found enemy terrorising the world. By refusing to say what you stand for, and instead only what you stand against, you provide legitimacy for those who are prepared to destroy the thing you want actually destroyed but which you are afraid to acknowledge. When at the same time, you take the moral high ground and decide not to intervene in any way and under any circumstance, you give the green light to increasingly appalling attacks.</div>
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I am no fan of military intervention and every time it is used I understand it drives the world one step closer to disaster. But when those that are supposed to be standing against the system don't and refuse to be clear on the genuine alternatives, they contribute to making military intervention unavoidable. </div>
</div>
Kevin Listerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11243536863193796008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35299834.post-6324796991917311602015-11-25T12:15:00.004-08:002015-11-27T00:07:02.882-08:00Why the COP #21 will fail - among other reasons. <br />
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In a few days’ time the COP #21 climate change talks will
start and in a few weeks’ time they will fail again. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
They will fail not because of lack of ambition or lack of
technology or anything else that we are told that is all that is needed to make
them a success. Instead they will fail
because none of our global leaders want to tackle the underlying problems and
no one wants to vote for leaders that might. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Firstly, as I have argued for many years, the cooperation needed
on climate change is impossible when nations are on a permanent war footing
with each other. This is exemplified with the nuclear weapons standoffs and the
enormous military industrial complexes and expanding economies that these need. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Secondly, and closely allied to this is the extraordinary transfer
of wealth to the elites which is squandered on lavish lifestyles <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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None of the global leaders, who are representing their
voters at the COP, seem to have cottoned onto the idea that the nations with nuclear
weapons are generally the ones with the highest disparities been rich and poor.
<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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There are basic reasons these two issues go hand in hand.
To maintain a military industrial complex, fuel must be available. To ensure it
is available, it is subsidised by the tax payers. This leads to the unintended consequence that
those who consume to excess have their energy subsidised and those who struggle
to make ends meet are pushed deeper into debt to pay for this. The other reason is that nations must maintain
an economic and technological competitive advantage over their rivals. This
forces the implementation of policies that favour industrialisation rather than
environmental and human protection. This
also has the unintended consequence of benefiting the elites of society and
penalising the poorest. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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This competitive dynamic creates its own trends which will always
drive the total income available to the poorest down and the total income
available to the richest up. In the zero
sum world that we find ourselves in today, this means life become intolerably harder
for the bottom quartile. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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The following graph is calculated from the <a href="https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2015/demo/p60-252.pdf">US Census data (table A1)</a> and illustrates the consistency of these trends. Its basis is a conservative estimate that the maximum household
income back in 1967 when the data collection started was $600k per annum and it has increased to $10,000k today. A quick
reading from the Forbes Rich list shows how conservative this is, but it serves
for our illustration. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvpMuWO0rarS3jc6CHGwPdAkRHyWNaVQxZYfy9RQIPL3btrTwbojBzKZYqQArBjjTSoHYogsRdDOFUrKZWpf_iPW9XN3EXIilFBdD198FKjdjuKB-hgdihC9XXBc9sAZkmasHC/s1600/changing+wealth+disparity.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvpMuWO0rarS3jc6CHGwPdAkRHyWNaVQxZYfy9RQIPL3btrTwbojBzKZYqQArBjjTSoHYogsRdDOFUrKZWpf_iPW9XN3EXIilFBdD198FKjdjuKB-hgdihC9XXBc9sAZkmasHC/s400/changing+wealth+disparity.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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It shows the share of income to the poorest 40% has gone down consistently and is now about 5% of the total national income. By contrast, the richest 5% of society have seen their share of the national income rise to about 65% of the total. Almost nothing affects this; certainly
not the choice of government the masses make. This transfer of wealth from the
poorest to the richest simply transcends everything else.</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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While this is based on US data, simply because US data is the most available, the same dynamic will apply to every other major industrial nation. By inference, it also extends to the wider global economy. </div>
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<br /></div>
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This enormous concentration of wealth in the hands of the
wealth is simply squandered on luxury toys such as ships, planes and houses. It
quickly negates every bit of effort from the rest of the world to cut emissions. It can only be stopped by strict personal limits being imposed on individual consumption, something that no political party has ever campaigned for. </div>
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<br /></div>
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Without tackling the powerful high polluting elites, meaningful climate
change agreements cannot happen. Given that we still can’t even get rid of their tax exiles,
there is not much hope of this. It is
highly dispiriting for those that try so hard to cut their own emissions and hope against the odds for something positive to come out of these talks. </div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
Kevin Listerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11243536863193796008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35299834.post-52576013995859454242015-11-21T03:48:00.000-08:002015-11-28T05:54:16.222-08:00Combating Terrorism<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">It's great to see Russia, France and US standing together against
ISIS and jointly bombing them. It even looks like Britain is getting ready to step off its high moral soap box and join in the fray against this international scourge. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7X4UTzfd7ihN-f-1FdvUVyr5DnwbTDrRF24voszmeX2yJBRj4wDOwZ6yMW54-TLPI68sbfpbWezW_xitB02icXNq_WBEz8v3iSTs3QhKy-a7pXnhpvy_egjOys3zYPdbuGALW/s1600/12278800_10156298383215381_8895087856098796467_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="154" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7X4UTzfd7ihN-f-1FdvUVyr5DnwbTDrRF24voszmeX2yJBRj4wDOwZ6yMW54-TLPI68sbfpbWezW_xitB02icXNq_WBEz8v3iSTs3QhKy-a7pXnhpvy_egjOys3zYPdbuGALW/s320/12278800_10156298383215381_8895087856098796467_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> I hope this new found co-operation will now extend to
tackling that other class of far more dangerous terrorist - the uber-rich individuals. Their outrageously high carbon footprints that are the inevitable result of their
excess consumption undoes in minutes the efforts and sacrifices
millions of others are made to suffer. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">This small group is pushing billions over the
climate change cliff making the few thousand that ISIS kills appear like small fry. The uber-rich will of course use their wealth to ensure that they will be the last to go over, in the same way that ISIS leaders will be the last of their suicidal organisation to go.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">But there are many other similarities between these two groups. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Just as ISIS numbers have increased in recent years, then so have the numbers of uber-rich. Not only are there more uber-rich, but individually they also are massively wealthier. The huge proportion of global resources that this small elite lavish on luxury means that in our zero sum world the poverty stricken are deprived of the basics for survival and the resulting chaos is the perfect breeding ground for ISIS.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Just as ISIS have found sanctuary in the myriad of failed states around the world that climate change and resources wars have caused, then the uber-rich find sanctuary in the myriad of tax havens that the richest governments provide protection for. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Just as ISIS derives its wealth from the illegal sale of oil and through donations from various Middle Eastern oil producers, then the uber-rich survive on the illegal trillion dollar </span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">global</span> annual subsidy for the fossil fuel industries that the world's tax payers must endure. Without this, their energy intensive lifestyles would be impossible to sustain and they would be unable to relax in their tax exiles. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">So while we wait in vain to see the black and white images on our television screens of a precision bomb's cross hairs blasting apart a luxury pad in Monte Carlo or sinking a mega yacht in the Mediterranean that was belching thousands of tonnes of greenhouse gases into our atmosphere, then we should at least start naming some names. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">A banker who did so well out of the financial crash by lying and cheating such as <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/deutsche-banks-5-billion-short-and-greg-lippmanns-emails-2011-4?IR=T">Bradley Wickens</a> of Spinnaker Capital might be a good start, followed by some oil sheiks such as the House of Saud who have worked to stop climate change agreements. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The economic imbalance these people cause is fundamental to the success of ISIS and other terror groups and fundamental to stopping climate change agreements.</span> Unfortunately, changing government will not do any good, irrespective of doing this through the ballot box or through bullets. The only thing that will help is getting rid of the uber-rich. So, feel free to add more names in the comments section below. </span>Kevin Listerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11243536863193796008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35299834.post-88964804353049514102015-11-14T12:08:00.002-08:002015-11-16T04:17:28.239-08:00Able Archer and the near accidental destruction of planet Earth<div style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.32px; margin-bottom: 6px;">
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">This recently declassified <a href="http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/nukevault/ebb533-The-Able-Archer-War-Scare-Declassified-PFIAB-Report-Released/">report on the 1983 Able Archer military exercise</a> is a must read for anyone with an interest in nuclear weapons or in staying alive.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">If it were not so deadly serious, much of the report could have come from a comedy show. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">It concerns the near destruction of planet Earth in 1983 through an accidental nuclear war being caused by the Soviet's misinterpreting the annual announced Able Archer military exercise as a cover for the real thing.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">The exercise was conducted against a background of escalating military tension between the US and the Soviet Union. In 1980 Ronald Reagan had come to power on a policy that the best way to ensure US security was to build military dominance rather than accept treaty restrictions such as détente (by the way he was also warned that the Earth had only 40 years to go before imploding from climate change but decided the need to be able to destroy it first was more important - but that's another story).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Reagan's strategy built up on the first strike capability that the US had started to amass in the 1970s. A principle component of this was the new Trident missile system. Unlike its Polaris predecessor, it could rain down thousands of mega tonne nuclear warheads precisely on Russian military installations in little more than five minutes, rather than just a couple of hundred on Russian cities over 10 minutes. Make no mistake, first strike was what Trident was about then and what Trident is about today. Though it is also a second strike weapon of last resort, that is not its principle purpose, despite what the politicians might like to say.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/klSzBKDOJ68/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/klSzBKDOJ68?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Bob Aldridge - ex-Trident Missile Designer, responsible for re-entry vehicles.</span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Soviets responded to Trident with a first strike weapon of their own, the SS20 missile system. Its 10 minute flight time meant it could destroy NATO forces in Europe and the rest of Europe within 10 minutes.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">So the Americans responded to the SS20 by deploying the Pershing II missile system in Germany with a flight time of 5 minutes. This terrified the Soviets. They had a much stricter chain of nuclear command requiring the President and the Minister to Defense to jointly issue the command to fire. Given that Soviet presidents at this time were continually bed ridden, there was little chance the command to fire could be made within the warning time of a Pershing missile being fired from West Germany and hitting Moscow. Pershing and Trident together gave the US the ability to destroy much of the Soviet nuclear forces in a pre-emptive attack. This became an issue of indescribable panic to the Soviets, especially when Reagan had just branded them as the evil empire and made his famous joke that he was about to start bombing within an hour, thinking his microphone was switched off. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now for a funny bit - Footnote 15, page 39 of the report says the Pershing missiles did not have the range to reach Moscow. Moscow need not have panicked after all. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">To try and get a measure of the risk they faced, the Soviets built a massive computer system (VRYAN) requiring a team of 200 people to operate. Despite its immense cost, it probably used at best a bunch of nebulous measurements and algorithms. Like many computer models, it took garbage in, mixed it around and what came out was considered gospel. Its output was a quantitative measurement of the US military and economic advantage over the Soviet Union. The US was given a benchmark score of 100 and if the Soviet Union's comparison measurement fell below 40, they would conclude that the situation they faced was untenable and so would automatically launch a first strike against the US and Europe.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now for a not so funny bit; when it was first run it scored the Soviets at 45, just 5 points above the threshold to strike pre-emptively. Almost without doubt, one of the things that would have factored into these calculations was their false perceptions of the Pershing II missiles and their general first strike disadvantage against Trident. Pershing and Trident together, were creating exactly the environment they were supposed to prevent. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">So when the Able Archer exercise came along and assisted by the VRYAN programme, the Soviets made all the logical assumptions that in hindsight the US military should have expected. The result of those apparently logical assumptions was that the US was about to instigate a first strike, and consequently the Soviets should get theirs in first. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">As for those assumptions that so nearly tipped the world in nuclear Armageddon; </span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">the Soviets had been preparing their own first strike strategy for years, despite claiming at the time that they weren't, so they expected the US to be doing the same. The US had after all had developed a massive lead in first strike capability and with the introduction of Trident were about to leave the Soviet Union even further behind, so why would Soviets not come to the conclusion of an imminent attack? The Soviets war plan had always been that they would prepare for a first strike under the cover of a military exercise, so when NATO organised a mass exercise from the Arctic Circle to Turkey, involving B52 bombers and the roll out of dummy nuclear warheads, what were they supposed to think?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Soviets did the only thing that was logical to them. They loaded their nuclear weapons and forward deployed their fighters, bombers and submarines and prepared to make a first strike. Their leaders having convinced themselves that war was inevitable decided to get the first strike in. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times";"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">News of the strange (and highly dangerous) Soviet behaviour started to reach US commanders. Fortunately they were so badly trained they did not understand what was happening and missed the significance. Purely as a result of their shear incompetence they did not respond. Their unintentional delay gave the Soviets time to pause and step back from launching a first strike nuclear attack on an unprepared NATO and Western Europe.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">I guess you can call this one of the funny bits.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 19.32px;">Probably what is not so funny is that all the issues this report covers still exist today. Yet, there are more nuclear armed states and all operate first strike attack strategies supported by various stealth technologies. They all face a common mode threat of climate change, yet it does not seem that any of the lessons have been learnt. </span></div>
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Kevin Listerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11243536863193796008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35299834.post-56870373994913912922015-09-24T12:23:00.000-07:002015-09-26T04:05:23.560-07:00Now is the time for your tearsSome interesting (and sobering) numbers - your comments are welcomed:<br />
<br />
In a desperate attempt to keep economic growth going, the US Base rates have plunged to 0.25% and UK base rates are at a similar level of 0.5%. The central banks have both decided to keep these unchanged and possibly reduce them further. The doubling time at 0.25% is 277 years and at 0.5% it is 138 years. At these rates, young people will never be able to save up for a pension.<br />
<br />
As well as not being able to save for their pensions, young people will have to pay for the pensions for those that have just retired. Unfortunately, they will realise that this will be the least of their problems. <br />
<br />
CO2 has already exceeded 400ppm. Its rate of increase is increasing and will soon pass 450ppm. The heating it causes is already collapsing the ice caps. Our young people will have to spend all their future building flood defences, rather than saving for their pensions and paying for existing pensioners.<br />
<br />
They won’t have enough food to do this because the global population is continuing to grow at 1.13%. At this growth rate, the population will double in 60 years. As many people will be born in this time as has ever been born up to today. To feed them, the same amount of food will have to be grown in the next 60 years as has ever been grown. This must be done while crops are being simultaneously scorched through climate change driven heat waves or flooded through sea level rises.<br />
<br />
Expenditure on the world’s military is at its highest level ever and increasing. It is also being used - especially against the poorest. In theory, we should be adding the reconstruction costs to the global economy, but we won’t as we will never rebuild what is being destroyed today. The scale is too great and the resources are already too few. So as we move towards the crisis of climate change, we have already collectively set the process in motion of pulling down much of our critical infrastructure before nature gets chance to do its worse.<br />
<br />
This year, 23 million people will be on the move in high-carbon luxury cruise liners across the planet trying to escape the stresses of a high technology society. Meanwhile, 1 million displaced people who are trying to escape the destruction that high technology and climate change can bring are moving through Europe and destroying its ideals of integration and fueling nationalism. The number of displaced people will soon be in the billions unless they are killed by war and starvation first.<br />
<br />
Even though sea levels are rising, nearly 400 nuclear reactors remain operational at sea level. Today, Japan is still unable to clean up one flooded nuclear site and the UK is getting into bed with China to build more, despite China’s record of violating international law and policy of implementing global ecocide.<br />
<br />
An extra 8 million tonnes of plastic are accumulating in the ocean every year. As this breaks down, a plastic soup is forming and poisoning the entire ocean food chain. The ocean dead zones are joining together to make dead oceans. Soon the only living thing in them will be the crews of nuclear submarines. New fleets of nuclear missile submarines are being planned by all the nuclear weapons states. The only exception is Pakistan, which is fortunately too bankrupt to afford them.<br />
<br />
Despite this, governments and political parties still claim that they can deliver economic growth and prosperity and people still vote for those that offer the best hope of achieving this.<br />
<br />
Now is the time for your tears. Now is the time to offer your shoulder to your loved ones to cry on.<br />
<br />
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Kevin Listerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11243536863193796008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35299834.post-48003100448833881412015-07-02T05:36:00.000-07:002018-12-13T14:51:56.461-08:00Games theory extended to multiple games<h2>
<span style="background: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Introduction</span></span></h2>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;">The following question was put the the President of the World Bank, Dr. Jim Yong Kim by my MP, Geoffrey Clifton-Brown </span></o:p></div>
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<i><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">“How does the World Bank expect the global
economy to take the painful steps necessary to address climate change when the
world’s most powerful economic blocks remain locked in nuclear weapon standoffs
which is terrifying them into borrowing trillions of dollars for weapons that
will outlast civilisation as it collapses from climate change and which force
preservation of business as usual to the very end?”<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
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<i><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;">This question is considered in the
context of Game Theory, where a game is a defined as a decision making scenario
where players must take a decision such that the outcome to them is dependent
on that made by the other players. </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;">In the question above, the outcome to
the players in a game (i.e. climate change) is also dependent on the outcome
made in </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">in other
games (i.e. nuclear weapons)</span><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;">. There are three fundamental games at play which
are described below. </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The first is the game of climate change negotiations which generally is
assumed to be about obtaining an agreement to cut CO2 emissions. However, past
failure to do so, means that this must now also be about agreeing to the
adaptation measures to be taken. So far, despite all the hype of renewables,
global consumption of fossil fuels is continuing to push atmospheric CO2 deeper
into the danger zone. It is hypothesised that nations are compelled to do this to
maintain economic and military advantage. This is backed up by past evidence at
critical decision making points. For example, the US Congress voted unanimously
against inclusion into the Kyoto 1 agreement because it would have constrained
its military while not constraining its adversaries in the same way and in the
Copenhagen COP China refused to make any commitments to cut back coal
consumption as it was intent on out competing Western economies. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The second is the game that nuclear weapons states must play on the size
and operational status of their arsenals; the decisions in this game have
always been about how to make cuts in the size of the arsenals and to minimise
the risk of a premature launch by taking weapons off high alert status while trusting
others to do the same. These agreements must be made in a world becoming more
unstable due to climate change and where the risk of a pre-emptive strike is
increasing due nuclear weapons proliferation. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The third game, in reference to the borrowing needed to fund the pursuit
of nuclear weapons in the above question, is about maintaining the debt based
economic system that military industrialisation competition needs. The
fundamental assumption behind its modus operandi is that there is no limit to
growth and things that we cannot afford now can be paid in the future by virtue
of continued economic growth. However, once this impossibility is to be
acknowledged then an economic system such as a carbon rationing or a carbon
taxation must be introduced. Without this no agreement on climate change will
be reached as fossil fuel consumption will continue to rise and the tensions it
causes will propel nations towards nuclear weapons. However, once this is
imposed it makes funding a military industrial complex impossible, so security
must come centre stage to the negotiations. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Thus the three games outlined above are connected in a deadly dilemma.
In an attempt to understand the dynamics of interconnected games a series of
experiments were run across thee maths classes which extended the concept of
the prisoners dilemma. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The basis of the experiment was as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">A class was given the opportunity to win either £1.50 which they could
share amongst themselves or one person could win a bar of chocolate, which has
a monetary value of 70p. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The game consisted of splitting the class into competing pairs of
students. Each student in each pair is given two cards, one says “<i>I love you and want to work for you and will
do anything for you</i>,” the other says “<i>XXXX
you buddy</i>.” See Appendix A for the cards. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The rules are simple:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">If both students play “<i>I love you
and want to work for you and will do anything for you” </i>the cost of their
love is £2 each.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">If both students play “<i>XXXX you
buddy” </i>the cost of their love is £8 each.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">If one student plays “<i>I love you and want to work for you and will do anything for you” </i>and
the other plays<i> “XXXX you buddy</i>,”
then the student who plays the “<i>I love
you</i>” card gets charged £10 for his love as a punishment for being so stupidly
trusting and the one that plays the “<i>XXXX
you buddy” </i>card gets charged only £1 as a reward for his ruthless thuggery.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The objective is to minimise the cost of love and the dilemma is clear.
If both players trust each other and play the “<i>I love you card,</i>” the total cost of their love is £4. If both
mistrust each other and play the “XXX you buddy,” total cost of their love is
£16 as they seek to minimise their individual costs.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">To play the game, the combined cost of love over five rounds was
calculated and if this was kept below a given level, then the class could share
the prize of real money. If not the person with the lowest cost of love could
get the chocolate bar. <o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Thus the challenge is that a player not only has to trust his competitor,
but also has to trust the outcome from the games that other competing pairs are
playing. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The payoff matrix replicates the dilemma of nations making decisions on climate change. Two nations could decide to pursue a zero-carbon economy and it might cost them say £2billion. However, if a nation’s competitor refuses to convert to zero carbon and pursues a fossil economy then the cost to the nation that opts for the zero-carbon economy rises to £10billion as a result of having to cope with the resulting ecological damage and the loss of competitive advantage, while the cost to the nation that maintains a fossil fuel economy is only £1billion as it is able to seize food and resources from its weaker rival. If on the other hand, both nations decide to maintain a fossil fuel economy, the minimum cost will be £8billion to both from the ecologic damage incurred, but by maintaining competitive advantage neither will be liable for the full cost. The actual costs are immaterial, all that counts is the relative values with respect to the choice, see Appendix B for the pay-off matrix.</span></span><br />
<br /></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The results follow for three classes:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<h2>
<span style="background: white;">Class 1</span></h2>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The target was to get
“the cumulative cost of their love” below £90 across four simultaneous games
and over five rounds. If all students played the love card, the minimum cost of
their love would be £80, thus allowing two players to default and still win the
money.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
<br />
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<b><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The results follow:</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background: white; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Conclusion of the game<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">In the first round, one
player in each game played the “<i>XXXX you
buddy</i>” card. The result was that it would be impossible for the class to
win the money. Players in Games 1 and 2 collaborated and agreed to stick to the
pattern of one player playing “<i>XXXX you
buddy</i>” and the other playing <i>“I love
you</i>.” This ensured that one player would get the lowest possible score and
so win the bar of chocolate; the cost for this is that the bar of chocolate
would have to be shared with amongst all the players in Games 1 and 2. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Players in games 3 and 4
were not party to this agreement and so got nothing at the end. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Once the result became a
foregone conclusion and the target for the minimum cost of love could not be
achieved, players effectively lost interest but carried on out of a sense of
duty. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Implications<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">In this game, once the initial sub optimal positions were set across all
the games it was difficult to move away from it. This reflects the difficulty
that nations face in negotiations when they have to move significantly from the
positions that they have previously taken based on self-interest to those that are
in the best interests of all parties. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Thus globally, nations that have already committed to high carbon and
militarised societies will become entrenched in these positions, not just because
of the conversion difficulty, but also because of the responses from other
players that will be determined on the results of past rounds.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Once the result becomes fixed, interest in the game diminishes. This was
reflected in the last UK election where climate change was not considered,
despite the scientific community screaming for urgent and extreme action.
However negotiations continue out of a sense of duty, thus the UK will continue
sending delegates to the climate change conferences despite the impossibility
of achieving a satisfactory result. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Despite the groups being unable to co-operate across all the games,
small scale co-operation was made between games 1 and 2 to share the suboptimal
prize (the bar of chocolate). This is reflective of the co-operation that is
seen between states who are close competitors. Thus, the European and US co-operated
on trade pacts and military alliances while Russia and China likewise
co-operate on military and energy policies. However in each case the win from
the localised co-operation is far less than that obtainable from globalised
co-operation. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
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</div>
<h2>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background: white;">Class 2</span></span></h2>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The target was to get
“the cumulative cost of their love” below £90 across four simultaneous games
and over five rounds. If all students played the love card, the minimum cost of
their love would be £80, thus allowing two players to default and still win the
money.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
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</div>
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<b><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The results follow:<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Conclusion of the game<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">In the first three rounds all players co-operated to play the “<i>I love you</i>” card and were on track to keep
the cost of their love below £90 and win the money prize.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">However, in round 3 the co-operation fell apart. One player reneged on
the agreement and by being the only player to play the “<i>XXXX you buddy</i>” card stole a lead on the rest of the players. In
the last round, all players could still win the money, however the player who
had previously played the “<i>XXXX you buddy</i>”
was now incentivised to play the same strategy. If he played “<i>XXXX you buddy</i>” he would definitely win
the bar of chocolate, even if someone else did the same. This is exactly what he did. At the end of
the game he graciously shared the bar with his opponent, who both ate it and left.
The rest sat there bemused. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">This is the emergence of a free-for-all scenario. It occurs when one
player reneges on an agreement that has only a minimal chance of delivering the
optimum solution even if all the other players are still prepared to work
towards the wider agreement.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Implications<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">China has already embarked on a free-for-all strategy. Its carbon
emissions initially from coal, and now from oil, are massively out of
proportion to the rest of the world. They have effectively played the “<i>XXXX you buddy</i>” card against the rest of
the world. From the outside, it is as if they have already decided that there
is no point in going for a climate change agreement, so they will race to get
everything they can while they still can. It is a highly dangerous strategy. If
everyone reciprocates, then no one will survive. Even if no nation follows it,
no one will survive. It is of note that India is now following China’s path as
its closest competitor.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">Class 3</span></span></span></h2>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The target was to get “the cumulative cost of their love” below £65
across three simultaneous games and over five rounds. If all students played
the love card, the minimum cost of their love would be £70, thus allowing two
players to default and still win the money. In the last round the minimum cost
of love was reduced to £65<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The results follow:<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Conclusion of the game<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The dynamics of this group were considerably different to the others.
The sat closer together and spent more time discussing strategies between them.
Their success in the first round of getting all to agree along with the
communication they had set up between them provided the basis for reinforcement
such that it became difficult to change the pattern that had been established.
It is a similar observation to that of the first class, except that class had
become stuck on the sub-optimal solution. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">As they entered the last round still with no defections, the target for
the minimum cost of love was reduced to £65 to incentivise someone to defect.
Even this did not break the pattern that had now emerged as the social pressure
to comply was so much greater than the temptation to go for personal gain. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">On winning the £1.50 the class immediately went to college shop and
bought two bars of chocolate which they shared equally amongst each other.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The class acknowledged that they were only able to achieve this because
they were working closely together and said that had each competing pair been
sitting in different rooms they would not have been able to achieve this. Their success may also have been enabled by
only three simultaneous games being played, rather than four. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Implications<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit, serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">If multiple games are being played where the result from one can adversely affect the other, then the games must be interconnected to achieve the optimum result, hence climate change, nuclear weapons and economic reform talks must be fundamentally interconnected in the same way that success was achieved by Class 3 by working closely together across all three games. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit, serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">In these circumstances the optimum position can be achieved</span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
By contrast the problems that Classes 1 and 2 identified was the tendency for the games to become easily stuck in a suboptimal position as soon as a single player in one game achieved competitive advantage in a single game and in so doing reduced the probability of a best collective agreement being achieved.<br />
<br />
The challenge facing nations is that the prizes are somewhat different, and much more is at stake. Instead of the combined money prize of £1.50 for collaboration, the prize now is survival. Instead of mendacious behaviour being rewarded by a chocolate bar that can be shared with nearest competitors, the prize for mendacious behaviour is that a nation will be able preserve wealth right up to the point of their inevitable extinction. Neither is a great result.<br />
<br />
If any optimism can the taken from this, it is that a clear interconnection between the games being played does enable the best collective result to be obtained, but this must first overcome the entrenchment caused by past actions.<br />
<div>
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<h2>
<span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 18.3999996185303px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;">Appendix A - Playing cards</span></span></span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: small;">Appendix B - Pay off matrix</span></span></h2>
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Kevin Listerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11243536863193796008noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35299834.post-2265154741451064492015-06-21T12:20:00.002-07:002015-07-24T02:13:13.489-07:00A Brief Analysis of the 2015 BP Statistical Review<h1>
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">The following analysis is based on the<span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span><a href="http://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/about-bp/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html"><span style="color: #20124d;"><i>BP <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1em;">Statistical Review of World Energy 2015</span></i></span></a></span></h1>
<h1>
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">A pdf version is available <span style="color: #20124d;"><a href="http://1drv.ms/1Fv0XkL"><i><span style="color: #20124d;">here</span></i></a> </span>and <a href="http://media.wix.com/ugd/1741a6_ff190740da8f457ba5de6359aaee1ccc.pdf"><i><span style="color: #20124d;">here</span></i></a></span></h1>
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<h1>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">Summary</span><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Fossil fuel consumption is
increasing in all the developing regions of the world and outstripping reductions
made by the developed world. It makes the prospect of climate change agreement
at the December COP impossible to contemplate. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">It is already well documented
that the explosive increase in fossil fuel consumption across the developing
world, in particular China, reflects the shift in manufacturing to these
regions. This is especially so with products and services requiring steel and
cement production which are unavoidably carbon intensive. This was initially
reflected in exponentially expanding coal consumption. Now that Chinese coal
consumption has leveled out, oil consumption is now expanding exponentially
reflecting China’s transition into its next phase of destructive growth.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Today’s globalised economy interconnects
national economies such that the wealth of one country is dependent on the
wealth that others can create for it. In this environment prothletising about individual
national successes in achieving carbon reductions is irrelevant. What is needed is far more profound efforts
to jointly reduce emissions. This can only be done with joint sacrifices. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The growth of renewables is stalling.
It is concerning that this is happening when it still constitutes such a small
percentage (1.81%) of the total global fossil fuel energy production. It severely
challenges the arguments that are being put forward at the COP conferences that
renewable technologies will provide the key to a zero carbon economy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">There is no evidence to
substantiate the claim that developing economies will take up new low carbon
technologies in such a significant way that they will leap-frog the fossil fuel
consumption stage of past industrialised economies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Given the severe state of climate
change as measured by the Arctic ice cap melting and atmospheric CO2 already
exceeding 400ppm, these figures demonstrate that unless we radically change our
approach we will be unable to avoid the total collapse of our ecosystem and our
extinction. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">This set of data brings the
concept of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) that formed the basis of the Cold
War into a new and more brutal focus. Unless we can all agree on an immediate
and significant reduction in CO2 emissions along with restoration of our
ecosystem and successful geo engineering, then MAD is our fate. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<h1>
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Basis of Data<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">This report is based entirely on the 2015 BP Statistics
Review, which covers trends to 2014. All energy production and consumption is
broken down into Millions of Tonnes of Oil Equivalent (MTOE) for easy
comparison. There will inevitably be errors with this conversion factor, however
it still provides a useful comparison for overall trends. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<h1>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">Global Fossil Fuel Consumption</span><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Global fossil fuel consumption
continues to grow, albeit the rate of growth has slowed slightly. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Despite
the hype of renewables, it has not translated into a reduction in fossil fuels.
The only time this has happened over the last 40 years was during the global
recessions of 1980 and 2009. By way of
comparison, in 2009 fossil fuel consumption fell by 196 MTOE compared with an
increase of 60 MTOE between 2013 and 2014. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Consumption is now 5 times higher
than in 1965. From atmospheric CO2 measurements taken at Manu Loa since 1958,
which have always shown an increasing trend, it is known that even 1965 levels
were not sustainable in the long term. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The
extreme emissions of today are happening when the sequestration ability of the
planet has been heavily compromised due to the impact of past damage and global
heating. As such, rapid rises of atmospheric CO2 are to be expected in the very
short term. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Today’s increase is being driven and
sustained by economic growth in the Asia Pacific region.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
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<h1>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">Global Coal Consumption</span><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Following the extraordinary
expansion of coal consumption from 2000 to 2010, it is now either plateauing or
returning to the previous levels of growth of the 1970s. It is not possible to
determine which, other than to observe that global coal consumption grew by 15
MTOE last year. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Much has been made recently of China’s
reduction in coal consumption; however reductions in growth have been more than
offset by rises in Indian coal consumption. If India follows the pattern of China,
its coal consumption could rise considerably and rapidly and then take many
years to reduce back to zero. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Despite progress being made in
China on renewables, declining from the current level of coal consumption will
take too long to avoid runaway climate change. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhigRfnLFEp50UlOI-D96Cc1Jfqjg1FCVsfX51ebM7jbXZFScvewvkiE5fkJ9FQln2mHcev6EqUptTWQvf4GvtC1sSOD2MNsW1PltrVWJNiDLY2aAwA7nPoFS3Pn55XSZ8lDuIz/s1600/chart+3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhigRfnLFEp50UlOI-D96Cc1Jfqjg1FCVsfX51ebM7jbXZFScvewvkiE5fkJ9FQln2mHcev6EqUptTWQvf4GvtC1sSOD2MNsW1PltrVWJNiDLY2aAwA7nPoFS3Pn55XSZ8lDuIz/s320/chart+3.png" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD4WYSzBL2vTW6YAvq0-YNoggL7IVfsDO9DryFnEJH7cKSw4kJtp8w6-L2ST7Uh5SProOgNUYZMnGrwykjjr5fyhzCFXUJwqiW0I75vC4EWTXjpIVFk6t1dtRPduZBqucaIBFE/s1600/chart+4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD4WYSzBL2vTW6YAvq0-YNoggL7IVfsDO9DryFnEJH7cKSw4kJtp8w6-L2ST7Uh5SProOgNUYZMnGrwykjjr5fyhzCFXUJwqiW0I75vC4EWTXjpIVFk6t1dtRPduZBqucaIBFE/s320/chart+4.png" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">It is of note that Pakistan and Bangladesh coal consumption
is not even visible on the chart, despite these nations once being part of India
and having substantial populations.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<h1>
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Oil Consumption</span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Despite
oil consumption declining in North America and Europe, it has risen in every
other region of the world; in particular the Asian Pacific region. These rises have
negated all the savings made in the developed world.</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGSyzDwRTh98OfLdLZoT2IQubwBKqUrmdtXyg5mv34mRhBhQC45xpw0jaufYBoYF1p9mGT9wdtXiBiIYJ6ImDM65X2HZfie7RFszhFxLQqBsYFpI7aVGZ5eCJwWWLed7tjbfXz/s1600/chart+5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="291" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGSyzDwRTh98OfLdLZoT2IQubwBKqUrmdtXyg5mv34mRhBhQC45xpw0jaufYBoYF1p9mGT9wdtXiBiIYJ6ImDM65X2HZfie7RFszhFxLQqBsYFpI7aVGZ5eCJwWWLed7tjbfXz/s320/chart+5.png" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b>Gas</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">As
with oil and coal, gas consumption has risen in all regions of the world, with
the exception of Europe.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
<h1>
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Renewables</span></h1>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">All
developed nations are betting on an effective roll out of renewables as the
primary basis of their climate change response at the COP talks. Despite the
efforts over recent years, solar and wind still only produce 1.81% of the
energy delivered by fossil fuels.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin-NRAqFFUYGqxa9zpBk3tdsMvK4BwZt7HDw1cafRPstEovTQlaMsXfWLbuM1I_tOubLnH2ulW4TahWzz0X4lOE4X3BM-ELgVBSPOpOiVU17OqUiGgR9tJLlqkdrHGHZkaotSc/s1600/chart+9_1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin-NRAqFFUYGqxa9zpBk3tdsMvK4BwZt7HDw1cafRPstEovTQlaMsXfWLbuM1I_tOubLnH2ulW4TahWzz0X4lOE4X3BM-ELgVBSPOpOiVU17OqUiGgR9tJLlqkdrHGHZkaotSc/s320/chart+9_1.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Most concerning is that the rate
of increase has shown its first signs of slowing by quite clearly coming off
the exponential trajectory that it was previously on. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">This data provides a strong
warning that the concept that renewables can be rapidly expanded globally to replace
fossil fuels is potentially flawed and that it is already approaching its
limits.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The other main source of
renewables is hydro. Globally this has shown a steady increase which on break
down is seen to be largely driven by China whose hydro consumption has risen to
about 250 MTOE, or about 30% of the global total. This has been achieved by
damming every river that drains the Tibetan plateau at much financial cost and
with a corresponding increase in international tension with its
neighbours. The others area of growth
has been South America with the construction of dams on the tributaries to the
Amazon. Both of these energy sources are likely to be challenged as climate
change melts the Tibetan ice sheets and disrupts Amazonian rainfall. Consequently,
there is not much scope for further growth and even maintaining this level will
is likely to be impossible in the long term.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">It
is of note that in hydro is currently generating about 4 times that of wind and
solar and a global loss of this energy source could negate much of the gains
from wind and solar. </span></span></div>
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Kevin Listerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11243536863193796008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35299834.post-78638990792501491492015-05-16T03:03:00.000-07:002015-05-16T12:26:47.646-07:00Swindon Think Slam, Second talk - why do we let politicans lie?<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIk0DLXXiMcSSFaFRLAu4OCbNdm6zd-SnOhs0GRAvaueZqW3C1WHm12LTawM2gDFmNVaZIHwxmgBaIz0fy_jkA23ap55SLei3Q-eATtebaO43K02Ld1IDmlAtgwiZs4Y-3eYR-/s1600/david+cameron+and+nicola+sturgeon.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="124" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIk0DLXXiMcSSFaFRLAu4OCbNdm6zd-SnOhs0GRAvaueZqW3C1WHm12LTawM2gDFmNVaZIHwxmgBaIz0fy_jkA23ap55SLei3Q-eATtebaO43K02Ld1IDmlAtgwiZs4Y-3eYR-/s320/david+cameron+and+nicola+sturgeon.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX232162976" paraeid="{4435263b-29df-4a58-9207-fd00036053d3}{214}" paraid="2036391802" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; height: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX232162976" paraeid="{4435263b-29df-4a58-9207-fd00036053d3}{214}" paraid="2036391802" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; height: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX232162976" paraeid="{4435263b-29df-4a58-9207-fd00036053d3}{214}" paraid="2036391802" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; height: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">Why do we let politicians lie to us?</span><span class="EOP SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX232162976" paraeid="{4435263b-29df-4a58-9207-fd00036053d3}{214}" paraid="2036391802" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; height: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="EOP SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX232162976" paraeid="{4435263b-29df-4a58-9207-fd00036053d3}{217}" paraid="1037239686" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">We could try and persuade ourselves that we are powerless to stop them or we can blame the press for not holding them properly to account or pretend to ourselves that that they are of such low life that we should expect nothing better. </span><span class="EOP SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="EOP SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX232162976" paraeid="{4435263b-29df-4a58-9207-fd00036053d3}{220}" paraid="70677200" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">But, what would happen if we got our wish and the politicians suddenly spoke the truth, what would they say to us? </span><span class="EOP SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="EOP SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX232162976" paraeid="{4435263b-29df-4a58-9207-fd00036053d3}{223}" paraid="1621240088" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">They would say something like this;</span><span class="EOP SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX232162976" paraeid="{4435263b-29df-4a58-9207-fd00036053d3}{223}" paraid="1621240088" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="EOP SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX232162976" paraeid="{4435263b-29df-4a58-9207-fd00036053d3}{230}" paraid="1450138017" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<i><span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">Atmospheric CO2 is at 400ppm and in</span><span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">creasing so fast that </span><span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">catastrophic global heat</span><span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">ing is unavoidable. As a result</span><span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> sea level rises will be so high that we must immediately start evacuating our coastal cities and decommissioning our nuclear reactors.</span></i></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX232162976" paraeid="{4435263b-29df-4a58-9207-fd00036053d3}{230}" paraid="1450138017" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<br /></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX232162976" paraeid="{4435263b-29df-4a58-9207-fd00036053d3}{233}" paraid="290021012" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<i><span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">There will be no energy to enable us to do this, because we will either run out of energy or the climate change agreements we reach in December this year will be so draconian that we won't be allowed to burn what we have. All the critical life support systems in our energy intensive economy will cease to be reliable, from the refrigerators in your homes to the logistic systems that deliverer food and emergency aid. </span><span class="EOP SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></i></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX232162976" paraeid="{4435263b-29df-4a58-9207-fd00036053d3}{233}" paraid="290021012" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="EOP SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX232162976" paraeid="{4435263b-29df-4a58-9207-fd00036053d3}{238}" paraid="668870605" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<i><span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">In the chaos that we face, we will be unable to t</span><span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">rust any other nation to abide </span><span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">by international law and we expect increased proliferation of nuclear weapons.</span><span class="EOP SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></i></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX232162976" paraeid="{4435263b-29df-4a58-9207-fd00036053d3}{238}" paraid="668870605" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="EOP SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX232162976" paraeid="{4435263b-29df-4a58-9207-fd00036053d3}{241}" paraid="1309137109" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<i><span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">There will be no money to fund responses to any of this because our debt based financial system relies on future prospects of growth for its liquidity. As there are no prospects for the future, there will be no money. </span><span class="EOP SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></i></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX232162976" paraeid="{4435263b-29df-4a58-9207-fd00036053d3}{241}" paraid="1309137109" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="EOP SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX232162976" paraeid="{4435263b-29df-4a58-9207-fd00036053d3}{244}" paraid="351215661" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<i><span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">With a global population heading towards 10 billion, all these problems will be magnified by mass migration, panic and endless war. </span><span class="EOP SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></i></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX232162976" paraeid="{4435263b-29df-4a58-9207-fd00036053d3}{244}" paraid="351215661" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="EOP SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX232162976" paraeid="{4435263b-29df-4a58-9207-fd00036053d3}{249}" paraid="1656458623" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">That is what our politicians would tell us if they were to tell the truth, and then they would ask us to vote for the cold blooded rational policies to address these crises so they had the mandates </span><span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">they</span><span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> need but which we fear giving to anyone. </span><span class="EOP SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX232162976" paraeid="{4435263b-29df-4a58-9207-fd00036053d3}{249}" paraid="1656458623" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX232162976" paraeid="{4435263b-29df-4a58-9207-fd00036053d3}{249}" paraid="1656458623" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">And what would you do if you heard the politicians telling everyone the truth and you realised the masses now know what you fear.</span><span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> You will do what everyone else will do, you will race to your nearest Tesco to rip the food of the shelves and beat to a pulp anyone that tries to stop you, </span><span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">meanwhile</span><span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> everyone will be doing the same.</span><span class="EOP SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX232162976" paraeid="{4435263b-29df-4a58-9207-fd00036053d3}{255}" paraid="392443923" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="EOP SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX232162976" paraeid="{7ed98c8e-b608-41f8-8cb6-4b47795ad011}{5}" paraid="1010626259" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">It will be a free for all, and it is to stop this that we accept the </span><span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">lies</span><span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> of our politicians. We all know that none of them can balance the budgets, fund the NHS, tackle climate change or solve wealth inequality, but we accept these failures as the price for stability and we hope against all reason that the lying can continue indefinitely.</span><span class="EOP SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX232162976" paraeid="{7ed98c8e-b608-41f8-8cb6-4b47795ad011}{5}" paraid="1010626259" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="EOP SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX232162976" paraeid="{7ed98c8e-b608-41f8-8cb6-4b47795ad011}{8}" paraid="1241353364" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">So we go to the ballot box and partake in the charade, because that's all we can do. </span><span class="EOP SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><br />
<span class="EOP SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span>
<span class="EOP SCX232162976" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">See <a href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/The-Vortex-Violence-losing-climate-ebook/dp/B00PUNSI06">http://www.amazon.co.uk/The-Vortex-Violence-losing-climate-ebook/dp/B00PUNSI06</a></span></div>
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Kevin Listerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11243536863193796008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35299834.post-77459753961474401462015-05-16T02:42:00.000-07:002015-05-16T03:36:59.895-07:00Swindon Think Slam, first talk - How Long do you want to live?<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSuoZ6DLArrXIu83BlGcjvBtLqMPttWbwWREEWoedCRTkZkTSyJvNTur267FCBObsiQ7WkwaaQYnlK-X0QHXu5gEfCP1lNrRy6VuG1UqSB-0fWw7aBe4U5iJC7foCDXPQIAyjp/s1600/innuit.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSuoZ6DLArrXIu83BlGcjvBtLqMPttWbwWREEWoedCRTkZkTSyJvNTur267FCBObsiQ7WkwaaQYnlK-X0QHXu5gEfCP1lNrRy6VuG1UqSB-0fWw7aBe4U5iJC7foCDXPQIAyjp/s320/innuit.jpg" width="248" /></a></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX49134288" paraeid="{7ed98c8e-b608-41f8-8cb6-4b47795ad011}{142}" paraid="443936027" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">How long do you want to live</span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">? </span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">From the time of </span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="SpellingError SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; background-image: url(data:image/gif; background-position: 0% 100%; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Stoneage</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> to the onset of the 1</span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: super;">st</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> World War, the </span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">life expec</span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">tancy of a male in the UK was around</span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> 52</span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">. If this were today, there would be less than a 50% chance that I would be here. </span><span class="EOP SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="EOP SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX49134288" paraeid="{7ed98c8e-b608-41f8-8cb6-4b47795ad011}{147}" paraid="1700917596" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">Today life expectancy for a male is 79 </span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">years,</span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> giving me 27 chances to attempt win <a href="http://www.swindonfestivalofliterature.co.uk/thinkslam.html">this event</a>. </span><span class="EOP SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX49134288" paraeid="{7ed98c8e-b608-41f8-8cb6-4b47795ad011}{153}" paraid="1869415746" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">I</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">f I died of a heart attack </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">now </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">there would be lamentations that my passing was too early. Today no one is expected to die young.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX49134288" paraeid="{7ed98c8e-b608-41f8-8cb6-4b47795ad011}{153}" paraid="1869415746" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="EOP SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX49134288" paraeid="{7ed98c8e-b608-41f8-8cb6-4b47795ad011}{161}" paraid="29909552" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Many people are not even expected to die </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">old. </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 80 years olds are often</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> subjected to invasive surgery to drag out</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> their</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> existence for a few more years. </span></span><span class="EOP SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX49134288" paraeid="{7ed98c8e-b608-41f8-8cb6-4b47795ad011}{161}" paraid="29909552" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="EOP SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX49134288" paraeid="{7ed98c8e-b608-41f8-8cb6-4b47795ad011}{181}" paraid="602899647" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">If you have used </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">your mind, body and soul to its fullest potential</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">so that </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">fatigue is flowing through your veins,</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> do you really want to drag out </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">your </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">existence till </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">you become</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> a burden</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">on</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> society or sh</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ould you welcome the long sleep </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">with the satisfaction</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> that </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">you</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> will live on in the memory of those that you love. </span></span><span class="EOP SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX49134288" paraeid="{7ed98c8e-b608-41f8-8cb6-4b47795ad011}{181}" paraid="602899647" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="EOP SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX49134288" paraeid="{7ed98c8e-b608-41f8-8cb6-4b47795ad011}{210}" paraid="315203232" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">In </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">the</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> techno-centred world </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">that traps us all</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">, </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">su</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ch talk is dismissed as a slide</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> towards fascism. But our techno-centred</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">world can only</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">survive by destroying </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">the natural and depriving </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">us from ever using our minds, bodies and souls to their full capabilities. Instead, </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">our </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">minds are filled with trivia, </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">our </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">b</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">odies with junk food</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> and poisonous chemicals and </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">the</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">spirit of </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">our</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> soul with the self-interest needed for survival in a hyper competitive industrial wor</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ld</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> on the point of collapse. </span></span><span class="EOP SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX49134288" paraeid="{7ed98c8e-b608-41f8-8cb6-4b47795ad011}{210}" paraid="315203232" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="EOP SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX49134288" paraeid="{7ed98c8e-b608-41f8-8cb6-4b47795ad011}{237}" paraid="877617583" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Today, few </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">people live life to the full. </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Rarely does anyone connect with </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">nature by eating a fish they caught and which wriggled in their hands as it died; </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">we get</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">red meat </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">from</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> McDonalds rather than</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> joining</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> a hunting party to chase down </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">a </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">quarry </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">and kill it with a stab to the neck</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">, nor do </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">we</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> have to </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">fight</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> to death</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">for things that are not for </span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">us</span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> while </span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">fuelled only by altruism and principle.</span></span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX49134288" paraeid="{7ed98c8e-b608-41f8-8cb6-4b47795ad011}{237}" paraid="877617583" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<br /></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX49134288" paraeid="{7ed98c8e-b608-41f8-8cb6-4b47795ad011}{243}" paraid="1628772951" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">So perhaps the reason why we try to so hard to drag out our existence is because our society deprives us of </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">so much </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">and we cling onto life in the hope that quantity </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">replaces quality.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX49134288" paraeid="{7ed98c8e-b608-41f8-8cb6-4b47795ad011}{243}" paraid="1628772951" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="EOP SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX49134288" paraeid="{62b1c832-b7ec-4a33-a91f-0faf0fc0dbcf}{13}" paraid="1862871256" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">We </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">reconcile this dilemma</span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">within the myriad of conflicts that our </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">dystopian techno-society </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">creates for us. </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">same society that </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">diminishes</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">us</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> also </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">provide</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">s</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> the techno fixes </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">to</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> extend life expectancy </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">of </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">a new born </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">to </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">100 years while threatening his early </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">death</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> with runaway climate change and radioactive poisoning. </span></span><span class="EOP SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX49134288" paraeid="{62b1c832-b7ec-4a33-a91f-0faf0fc0dbcf}{13}" paraid="1862871256" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="EOP SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX49134288" paraeid="{62b1c832-b7ec-4a33-a91f-0faf0fc0dbcf}{25}" paraid="719756648" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">So what do we do with the old and infirm </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">that </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">are</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> being kept artificially alive long after their natural life expectancy </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">and </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">when</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> society has exceeded all limits of </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">sustainably</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></span><span class="EOP SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX49134288" paraeid="{62b1c832-b7ec-4a33-a91f-0faf0fc0dbcf}{25}" paraid="719756648" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="EOP SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX49134288" paraeid="{62b1c832-b7ec-4a33-a91f-0faf0fc0dbcf}{33}" paraid="281132934" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="SpellingError SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; background-image: url(data:image/gif; background-position: 0% 100%; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Innuit</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> community in Greenland living on the edge of survival in the most brutal environment possible were acutely aware of this. Once their elderly women resigned themselves to fact they were of no benefit to the community </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">they </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">jumped off</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> a cliff to their death.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX49134288" paraeid="{62b1c832-b7ec-4a33-a91f-0faf0fc0dbcf}{33}" paraid="281132934" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="EOP SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX49134288" paraeid="{62b1c832-b7ec-4a33-a91f-0faf0fc0dbcf}{43}" paraid="567960246" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Perhaps if we told today</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">’</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">s elder generation that the quid pro quo for the profligate lifestyle that they have profiteered from is that they must forgo artificial extension</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> to their lives then </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">perhaps we might have the dialogue </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">we need to</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> avoid a decent into dystopia. </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX49134288" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">This would put the rather mundane debate about how we fund the NHS during the election into a more realistic perspective.</span></span></div>
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Kevin Listerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11243536863193796008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35299834.post-35870198300744320812015-05-11T11:54:00.002-07:002015-11-07T05:46:15.700-08:00How is the green revolution going<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
How is the green revolution going? Unfortunately, not very well. Data for the graph below is taken from the BP statistical review which converts all energy use to millions of barrels of oil equivalent. </div>
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After this digesting this, do you want to bets your life saving that we will move to a renewable economy in time to save us from ecological destruction through climate change? Maybe you are not prepared to do this, but that is what the worlds most powerful governments are doing on your behalf.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg61vsGbFTSE5XcQ7bxkGdEAL6SDqtZVJJOpuS3ksPw9hvTGn4F_beRKblB-kFQmVpM_SZeXDBcLBg6F_u7OsKVibvAx8EGIK5FBamwjOSnPkOagu34gO6S9vxdIj8tnAndFChO/s1600/fossil+fuel+v+wind+and+solar+totals_1.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg61vsGbFTSE5XcQ7bxkGdEAL6SDqtZVJJOpuS3ksPw9hvTGn4F_beRKblB-kFQmVpM_SZeXDBcLBg6F_u7OsKVibvAx8EGIK5FBamwjOSnPkOagu34gO6S9vxdIj8tnAndFChO/s400/fossil+fuel+v+wind+and+solar+totals_1.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />Kevin Listerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11243536863193796008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35299834.post-2278125143126164632015-04-19T08:42:00.000-07:002015-04-20T01:12:11.495-07:00Original of Independent Letter<br />
This letter is the original of that published in the <a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/letters/letters-climate-change-time-is-shorter-than-we-thought-10182804.html">Independent on 17th April </a><br />
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<h1 class="title" style="color: #fe521b; font-family: Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 2.2em; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px 0px;">
Climate change: time is shorter than we thought</h1>
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Atmospheric CO2 has risen above
400 ppm and is accelerating. The Arctic Ocean may well be ice-free this summer;
methane gas is being released from the melting permafrost into the atmosphere
and ocean acidification is intensifying. Sea levels are now rising far faster
than predicted only a couple of years ago.<br />
<br />
All these changes are irreversible. They make maintaining the global
temperature rise below 2<sup>o</sup>C an illusory goal. The unavoidable outcome
of this nightmare scenario is a rapidly deteriorating climatic situation. It
will pose grave problems for all aspects of society in the short-term and
certainly well before the end of the next parliament.<br />
<br />
The effects will be as profoundly economical as ecological and are already
evident. The mitigation actions needed are colossal. They will drive up energy
demand at a time when international agreements on climate change will require
the imposition of strict limits on carbon emissions and drive up public
expenditure as tax receipts from economic growth shrink.<br />
<br />
The future of all nations is irrevocably and immediately threatened. Yet we see little to no discussion of this by
any of the main political parties during this general election campaign. We
therefore request for the benefit of the electorate and as a matter of urgency
that all parties specifically set down clearly what policies they propose on
the following: <o:p></o:p></div>
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1. Ceasing all infrastructure
development in flood risk areas as determined by the latest science and
observations of ice sheet collapse.<o:p></o:p></div>
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2. Plans to evacuate flood prone cities and to
protect critical infrastructure such as nuclear power stations. <o:p></o:p></div>
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3. Moving to a zero fossil fuel
economy by the next decade with full acknowledgment of all the political and
economic impacts. <o:p></o:p></div>
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4. The extent of international co-operation to
be pursued on climate change, in particular focusing on the management of
security given the paradox that the global nuclear weapon arsenal (including
Trident) is being upgraded when the
futures of all nations are irrevocably and immediately threatened by climate
change.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Signed:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Professor Peter Wadhams (Professor
of Ocean Physics and Head of the Ocean Physics Group, University of Cambridge)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Angie Zelter (Founder of Trident
Ploughshare and Action AWE and Noble Peace Prize nominee) <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Dr Mark Levene (University of
Southampton, researcher on genocide and author)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Dr Mayer Hillman (Senior Research Fellow
at Policy Studies Institute and co-author of “How we can save the planet”)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Robert Aldridge (of the US and
previously a Lockheed design specialist on the Trident programme) </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Professor John Whitelegg, <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Dr. Robin Stott, Co-chair, Climate and Health Council<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Jeffrey Newman, Emeritus Rabbi, Finchley Reform Synagogue<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
John Pilger (Investigative Journalist and Author)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Paul Ingram (<span style="background: white;">International
transatlantic security think tank<span class="apple-converted-space"> director)</span></span><br />
<br />
Prof Paul Beckwith (Climatologist, University of Ottawa) </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Kevin Lister (Author of “The
Vortex of Violence and why we are losing the war on climate change”)<br />
<br />
<o:p></o:p> </div>
Kevin Listerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11243536863193796008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35299834.post-9878096914596145592015-03-05T13:03:00.002-08:002015-11-07T05:37:00.241-08:00The "thing making industrial complex" takes over.<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
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<b><u><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<h2 style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<b><u><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">The “</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">Thing</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> making industrial complex</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">”</span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></u></b></h2>
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<span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{082a3093-5c44-443c-be1f-da1d468d2eab}{148}" paraid="531274846" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">Once upon a time there was a beautiful planet full of animals and plants</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">, all of which could be described</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> as being alive, so long as you</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> did not think about </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">what being alive was</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> for too long. </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> On the planet </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">there were</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> a small number of people who roamed around the place hunting the animals and eating the plants.</span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.discountmugs.com/cliparts/detail/19199.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.discountmugs.com/cliparts/detail/19199.png" height="248" width="320" /></a></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{082a3093-5c44-443c-be1f-da1d468d2eab}{181}" paraid="1252919263" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">One day, a space </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">ship </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">sailed past with very clever astronauts. They looked out the </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">space craft </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">window</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">s</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> with very powerful binoculars and saw all sorts of things moving on the surface and many beautiful colours. </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">Everything looked so complex and chaotic that they became confused. If they zoomed in with their powerful binoculars, they could see self-replicating patterns almost everywhere. They realised that entire canopies of forests and small sec</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">tions of </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">forest floors looked</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> quite similar. </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">They </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">saw</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> that tributaries going into rivers looked quite like the main arterial rivers </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">carv</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">ing </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> their way through the great land masses. </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">Their clever binoculars </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">could </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">look </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">into</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> termite mounds and saw them all working together</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> as </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">a single organism, and each of these </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">mounds</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> grazed </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">on the savanna</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">s</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> a</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">lmost as if they were herds of animals. </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">They looked at each other in the </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">space </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">ship </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">and </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">pondered if what they were seeing was life and if </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">it was, which bits were </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">alive.</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> I</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">t was difficult for them to decide</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">even though </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">they </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">thought about it </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">long and hard</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">. </span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://img.youtube.com/vi/C6XqBsosHwM/0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://img.youtube.com/vi/C6XqBsosHwM/0.jpg" height="150" width="200" /></a></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{082a3093-5c44-443c-be1f-da1d468d2eab}{198}" paraid="1165144256" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{082a3093-5c44-443c-be1f-da1d468d2eab}{198}" paraid="1165144256" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{082a3093-5c44-443c-be1f-da1d468d2eab}{225}" paraid="680388819" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">Perhaps it was the ability to replicate</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> that made something alive, </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">but then they realised that the tributaries of rivers replicated themselves on a bigger scale </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">to make the </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">main rivers and </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">they </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">really could not believe that a river was alive, but then they thought about it a bit more and decided that perhaps </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">a river could be described as being alive. </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">Then they thought that it was the ability </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">to </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">change </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">oxygen</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> to carbon dioxide by breathing</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> that made something alive</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">, </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">but they </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">realised fire did this.</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> Finally they had a thought, </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> perhaps it was the ability to think</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> that made something alive</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">, but then they realised that single cell bacteria and plants could not think, even though </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">they</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">seemed to be</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> alive. </span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{082a3093-5c44-443c-be1f-da1d468d2eab}{225}" paraid="680388819" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{082a3093-5c44-443c-be1f-da1d468d2eab}{240}" paraid="2114220555" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">After looking out the window for some time, they decided it was too difficult </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">to decide what was alive</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">so they would go for a drive around the galaxy for a million years and come back </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">to </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">see how things </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">would </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">develop. </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">Maybe then they could have a new look</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> and perhaps decide </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">what is meant </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">by being alive. </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{082a3093-5c44-443c-be1f-da1d468d2eab}{255}" paraid="1848359747" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">Meanwhile, down on the planet, despite things being so beautiful, life was hard for the few people roaming around. </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">They were often eaten by the animals and sometimes they were so cold they died. At other times, they were so hot they also died. </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">Ironically though, despite these hardships they generally always had enough food. </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">This was because there</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> was always an animal nearby to eat, so lo</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">ng as it did not eat you first. I</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">f you could not eat an animal there w</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">ere </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">often plants on the ground or juicy bugs in the soil.</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> So life was generally so good you could have lots of children knowing that a few would live to be old enough to have some themselves, </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">and</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> that generally not too many would </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">get old enough to have too many children. </span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{082a3093-5c44-443c-be1f-da1d468d2eab}{255}" paraid="1848359747" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{93c3689c-62ae-4e72-acfc-233a0b410658}{9}" paraid="868214826" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">Eventually after </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">many </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">hundreds of thousands of </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">years of wandering around the people got fed up, so decided to stay in the same place and start farming. It seemed like a good idea at the time. </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">If they farmed too much</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> in one place</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">, they could always move somewhere else and farm there instead. </span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{93c3689c-62ae-4e72-acfc-233a0b410658}{9}" paraid="868214826" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{93c3689c-62ae-4e72-acfc-233a0b410658}{20}" paraid="1974419250" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">The great thing about farming they </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">discovered,</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> was they had time to ponder new things, just like the astronauts when they looked down from their space ship. </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">With this pondering they were able to make things to help them along the way; simple things at first</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> like spades and plough</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">s</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">, but the things they made got bigger and bigger and </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">cleverer</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">. </span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{93c3689c-62ae-4e72-acfc-233a0b410658}{20}" paraid="1974419250" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{93c3689c-62ae-4e72-acfc-233a0b410658}{40}" paraid="2037410027" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">Soon with the help of the things they made they did not have to let so many of their children die and their numbers started growin</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">g. The numbers grew </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">gradually at first, but </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">as this was growing at an exponential rate the numbers would eventually become very large, it just needed time and they certainly weren't going to let this future problem </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">spoil the day. In fact they were so </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">happy </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">and proud </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">with </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">their new found ability to make </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">all the things they were making that they invented a new name, it was called the </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">“</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">thing making industrial complex</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">.</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">"</span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{93c3689c-62ae-4e72-acfc-233a0b410658}{40}" paraid="2037410027" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{93c3689c-62ae-4e72-acfc-233a0b410658}{60}" paraid="674686613" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">The</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> “</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">thing making industrial complex</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">” </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">initially </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">started quite small. It was mainly </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">quarries </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">for the iron ore and c</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">oal and </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">they made kilns of </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">clay</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> to smelt the materials</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">. </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">As </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">importantly, they also needed fields for growing food for the people in the </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">“</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">t</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">hing making industrial complex.”</span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{93c3689c-62ae-4e72-acfc-233a0b410658}{73}" paraid="1714684476" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">It </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">looked </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">great. Everyone was happy</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> and</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> everyone had some sort of job to do in the new </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">“</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">t</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">hing making industrial complex.” </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">People learnt to read and write and count with numbers. They had to do this so that they could trade the various things that were now being made</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> and teach each other how to make new things and better things. </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{93c3689c-62ae-4e72-acfc-233a0b410658}{107}" paraid="2006776313" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">Occasionally though, things started happening that the </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">“</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">thing making industrial complex</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">”</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> could not solve. </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">The first problem </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">w</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">as famines, which happen</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">ed</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> when </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> the fields became exhausted</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> from feeding all the people making things</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">, and because of the </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">“</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">thing making </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">industrial</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> complex</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">” </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">which they had built</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">the</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> thing makers could not just get up and start </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">farming somewhere else. </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">Some</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">times, lots of thing makers died</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> because there was not enough</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> food</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">, </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">so </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">they called this a population correction</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">because it sounded better. </span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{93c3689c-62ae-4e72-acfc-233a0b410658}{115}" paraid="288296701" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">However, they weren't going to let a few famines and population corrections put them off. Instead, th</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">ey increasingly looked forward to the day when the </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">“</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">thing </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">making industrial complex” </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">would be able to make anything they wanted. </span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{93c3689c-62ae-4e72-acfc-233a0b410658}{146}" paraid="1056398939" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">Eventually they found a solution to t</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">heir problems of repeated famines; </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">if </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">their</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> “thing making industrial complex” could be used to make things to kill other people who </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">have </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">more</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> food and </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">space </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">to live, </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">any</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> problem could be solve</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">d</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">. So</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> the thing makers set about making things that were great at killing other</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> thing makers</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">. They soon discovered </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> that </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">a</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">ll that was needed was that the things </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">you make </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> to kill the others who ha</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">ve</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> the things </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">you want</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">had to be just a little bit better than the things </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">they had to kill you. </span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{93c3689c-62ae-4e72-acfc-233a0b410658}{153}" paraid="1393833864" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">This seemed great at first, so long as you could kill the others, you would never go hungry</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">, no matter how many children grew into promulgating adults</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">. </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">It did of course assume that the others would always have food and space that was worth kill</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">ing them for, but this was detail and we really want to keep to the strategic picture here. </span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{93c3689c-62ae-4e72-acfc-233a0b410658}{166}" paraid="1755531967" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">Strangely, despite all the things that the “thing making industrial complex” was making and the new found ability to kill people who had more food, things were not looking better. In fact things were looking an awful lot worse. The thing makers had to work long and hard hours to continue making</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">things, lots of them became sick with all the smells and much of the lovely landscape was being destroyed. All the lovely animals ha</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">d</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> also been eaten or died, so the thing makers had to rely on the farmers </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">for food</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">wh</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">o also had to rely on the “thing making industrial complex”</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> to make the things to grow</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> the food.</span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{93c3689c-62ae-4e72-acfc-233a0b410658}{174}" paraid="341573932" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">Some of the people in the "thing making industrial complex" were so busy making things, that they never even went out </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">t</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">o see the trees and the animals that w</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">ere left and they forgot what these looked like. In fact some of the thing makers could not even name a single tree or bird</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> - </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">imagine that! Because the thing makers forget what it was like outside the "thing making industrial complex" they didn't realise that it was wrong to use the landscape as a dumping ground for all their rubbish. </span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{93c3689c-62ae-4e72-acfc-233a0b410658}{193}" paraid="445223069" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">Eventually</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> the “thing making industrial complex” </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">got </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">very big and needed a big </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">and powerful </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">government to manage it. The people</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> k</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">new this was important, because without the </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">"</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">thing making industrial complex,</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">"</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> they would not have any things. This would be very serious. Without things, they </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">would not be able to grow food </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">or</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">kill people who would not give them their food. By now they were very concerned that the people they used to kill would make their own things that they would use to kill them. </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">It caused a nasty things race. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{93c3689c-62ae-4e72-acfc-233a0b410658}{209}" paraid="1923956629" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">As the things race got going and went faster and faster, people became even less happy but</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> strangely they</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> thought their government was even more important as without it they would not have someone who would make </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">all the decisions </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">on how</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> the things were to be managed and what things to make. </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">At first, no one thought that it would be silly if just one person made all the big decisions o</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">n their own </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">o</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">n the things to have</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">, so one person (perhaps with a few friends from the “thing making industrial complex”) was allowed to make all the big decisions on his own. Some called it democracy and others called in dictatorship, but really there wasn't much difference, the most important thing was t</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">o have the </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> best things</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> on the planet and to win the things race.</span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{93c3689c-62ae-4e72-acfc-233a0b410658}{227}" paraid="1817685752" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">Eventually nobody had a say in the things that were being made. The “thing making industrial </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">com</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">p</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">lex</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">” just seemed to keep on making things. Some things initially seemed to be quite good, but </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">there nearly </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">always </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">turned out to be a down sid</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">e and other things were just plain bad from the very beginning. </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">Some </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">things were </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">especially </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">important because they could kill lots of other people</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">, and these were the things that the people who were running the</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> "thing making industrial complex" really liked.</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{93c3689c-62ae-4e72-acfc-233a0b410658}{237}" paraid="896375059" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">If this didn't sound like a bad enough problem, the</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> "thing making industrial complex"</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">ran</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">into another strange problem, that seemed so strange </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">no</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">body could really understand it.</span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{93c3689c-62ae-4e72-acfc-233a0b410658}{252}" paraid="279280618" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">But really it was quite simple, and consisted of two separate </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">but related</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">problems. The first </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">problem was somewhat obvious. It </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">was that the </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">things that the "thing making industrial complex" was making ha</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">d</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> become </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">so big and complex that lots </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">and lots </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">of money was needed just to be able to make the first of a new type of</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> thing. </span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{93c3689c-62ae-4e72-acfc-233a0b410658}{252}" paraid="279280618" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{5fc02d27-fc05-49c9-95de-96f52efc7e0e}{13}" paraid="2131349973" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">T</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">he mathematicians that the thing makers </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">employ</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">ed</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> tried to explain the </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">second problem</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">, they said that </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> the ratio of utility enhancement over the previous thing </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">that was being replaced</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> against the upfront investment costs for the new thing was </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> going </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">steadily </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">down</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">.</span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{5fc02d27-fc05-49c9-95de-96f52efc7e0e}{13}" paraid="2131349973" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{5fc02d27-fc05-49c9-95de-96f52efc7e0e}{57}" paraid="448313859" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">A</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">lot of people said they didn't understand this because the words were too big, but it is not too difficult. </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> By the time that this ha</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">d</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> become a </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">real </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">problem the "thing making industrial complex" had started building planes </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">so </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">the exhausted </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">thing makers </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">could go on holiday, so we can illustrate </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">the</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">problem with </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">this example</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">:</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> One day the thing makers built a big plane that could fly </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">hundreds of people </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">thousands of miles. It was a great utility enhancement over steam ships, which in turn w</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">ere </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">a</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> great utility enhancement over sailing ships. It cost a lot of money to develop </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">and build</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">the plane</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">s</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> that could do this, but once this was done the</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> "thing making industrial complex" needed to continue building better planes. The next planes were better because they could more</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> economically </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">fly </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">the same number of people over the same distance while watching television.</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> This sounds good but the utility gain over the previous plane is far </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">less </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">than the </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">previous</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> plane over a ship </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">and </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">it cost the "thing making industrial complex" over thirty times more to develop this new plane. And really, what is the long term </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">utility gain of </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">building thousands of </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">planes simply to take exhausted thing makers on holiday. </span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{5fc02d27-fc05-49c9-95de-96f52efc7e0e}{57}" paraid="448313859" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{5fc02d27-fc05-49c9-95de-96f52efc7e0e}{68}" paraid="459866818" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">The only way that this problem could be solved was by borrowing money to keep the "thing making industrial </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">complex" </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">in bus</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">iness and to keep it making things. </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> It was a strange idea with </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">some</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">fairly obvious contradiction</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">s.</span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{5fc02d27-fc05-49c9-95de-96f52efc7e0e}{77}" paraid="2122735070" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">The "thing making industrial complex" was now forced to make things that would provide most of their benefit in the future, so the people in the future would be made to pay for the things even if they did not want them</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">, but the benefit they would get in the future to pay for the initial costs </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">would be less because of the diminishing utility improvements</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">. As the people in the future would all be thing makers in the </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">new and expanded</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">"thing making industrial complex," they would simultaneously have to pay off the debts that the previous generation of things makers had created for them while creating even more debts for the next generation of thing makers. </span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{5fc02d27-fc05-49c9-95de-96f52efc7e0e}{80}" paraid="1782294688" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">Oh, what a mess the "thing making industrial complex" was starting to look! It was obvious that it could only survive if it could keep growing faster than the exponential build up of debt that it was creating. </span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6uNnUtN8qUeYd-ot6LPky7rvKS8oWBxpCY6KvB8GCk2dWAjFBZrKQ9L7wkiujyMlL3QPK0HFLShjDo-jU5hGEBnp1LJd92jAJdUeDKjulPUyfJXgGO2a_r61IW9VTNBAisHEx/s1600/debt.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6uNnUtN8qUeYd-ot6LPky7rvKS8oWBxpCY6KvB8GCk2dWAjFBZrKQ9L7wkiujyMlL3QPK0HFLShjDo-jU5hGEBnp1LJd92jAJdUeDKjulPUyfJXgGO2a_r61IW9VTNBAisHEx/s1600/debt.png" width="276" /></a></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; clear: both; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{5fc02d27-fc05-49c9-95de-96f52efc7e0e}{85}" paraid="1061033587" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">And if this wasn't enough of a problem, the "thing making industrial complex" had to start building more and more things to kill more people because every other thing maker</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> was having the same problem. Rather strangely now, the thing makers just needed to be able to kill the other thing makers and weren't even that interested in fact they might have food. The other problem was that "thing making industrial complexes" had to make things to keep their own the people under control because they were getting so upset with having to keep </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">making things while always being in poverty. </span><span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{5fc02d27-fc05-49c9-95de-96f52efc7e0e}{85}" paraid="1061033587" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="EOP SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">People started to blame everyone they could think of for the problem. They blamed the bankers, the capitalists, the communists, the other thing makers, the foreigners, anyone. Strangely, the one thing they didn't blame was the "thing making complex." In fact rather bizarrely, many really started supporting the "thing making industrial complex" more than ever. They believed it would now make things to stop all the bad things happening that were being caused by all the things that had been made. They even had <a href="http://www.airtattoo.com/">specially big</a> shows to show all the biggest and cleverest things that the "thing making industrial complex" could make. </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX96222176" paraeid="{5fc02d27-fc05-49c9-95de-96f52efc7e0e}{94}" paraid="1891353635" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">Eventually the space ship came sailing by after its long drive around the galaxy. The astronauts looked out of the window again to see what life they could find. All they could see was a "thing making complex" that covered the entire</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB"> world. There were no people, no trees, no animals, no beautiful colours, just blacks and greys</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">. Perhaps they thought, the "thing making complex" was what life had become and it had eaten everything </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">el</span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">se. After all they thought, </span><span class="TextRun SCX96222176" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-GB">it self replicated, it consumed oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and seemed to have a mind of its own. They were sure they were right, because the thing makers put more effort into feeding and nurturing the "thing making industrial complex" than they did the plants and animals, so they must have thought it was alive as well, even as it killed them. </span><br />
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<h4 style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">
See <a href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/The-Vortex-Violence-losing-climate-ebook/dp/B00PUNSI06">The Vortex of Violence and why we are losing the war on climate change</a></span></h4>
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Kevin Listerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11243536863193796008noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35299834.post-29561521388668596012015-03-04T06:25:00.002-08:002015-03-04T11:39:36.968-08:00A really simple bit of maths.......<div style="text-align: justify;">
For those that don't understand the exponential function (i.e. politicians, teachers of economics, those that watch endless consumerist rubbish on television, the main stream media, in fact just about everyone it seems), here is the simple maths behind it: </div>
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Let's assume something is growing on a compound basis. School text books like to talk about nice things like the money in your bank or irrelevant things like octopuses. However, the same maths applies to important things like global economic growth which on average has been about 3% per annum since the Second World War. What we are particularly interested in is the doubling time. The maths is simple if you know just a little bit about logs, if not go to the last line below and find the log function on your calculator. </div>
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Now we want to think about what this means in the real world - we are particularly interested in the area under the curve. The reason is that as all economic activity is dependent on energy, the area under the curve is proportional to the total energy consumed.</div>
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With a little bit more simple more maths, this time basic integration, we can get an expression that compares the two areas in the chart above, i.e. the area to the start of the doubling point (given by alpha) and the area in the doubling period. </div>
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Anything that grows exponentially will have this same property, as the curve is simply stretched vertically and horizontally to match what ever set of data we have.</div>
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So what is the significance of this?</div>
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It means in the next 24 years (the doubling time we calculated above), we will use the same amount of energy as we have consumed since we crawled out the caves at the end of the Stone age. We will also produce the same amount of greenhouse gases as we have ever produced; rather disturbingly we will do this when the planet's ecosystem has already entered into a period of free fall. </div>
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If you are still not disturbed by this, then consider it a bit further. We will have to do all the above when the fossil fuel energy we consume is increasingly carbon intensive to extract and process. We will also have to consume increasingly large amounts of energy on climate change impacts, such as adaptation (relocating cities, decommissioning coastal nuclear power plants and oil refineries), mitigation (building low carbon energy sources) and increased competition (fighting wars and maintaining increasingly complex and large military industrial complexes). </div>
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The adaptation issues, such as shutting down nuclear power stations and oil refineries will also reduce available energy just when we need it the most.</div>
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Oh, and by the way, to fund all the adaptation, mitigation and defence that climate change causes, we need more fossil fuel driven economic growth.</div>
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Anyone still wondering why we don't teach the area under the exponential curve in our schools? </div>
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See "<strong><a href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/The-Vortex-Violence-losing-climate-ebook/dp/B00PUNSI06">The Vortex of Violence and why we are losing the war on climate change</a>"</strong> for more discussion.</div>
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Kevin Listerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11243536863193796008noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35299834.post-15055489182995548492015-02-07T03:42:00.000-08:002015-09-28T09:09:41.040-07:00Learning from Passenger Pigeons and Cod<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
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<a href="http://www.bagheera.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/passenger_pigeon_2011.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.bagheera.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/passenger_pigeon_2011.jpg" height="175" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Passengers Pigeons once flew in flocks across the North
Americas that were so large and dense they would darken the skies for hours. At the turn of the 19<sup>th</sup> century,
their population was estimated at 5 billion and they made up ¼ of all the birds
in the North Americas. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">But the land these flocks were flying over was changing
rapidly and beyond all recognition. Slave colonies were being expanded which
needed the cheapest protein sources possible, and nothing was cheaper than plucking
tonnes of high quality protein out the sky. At the same time the
industrialisation of the continent brought railways and logistics networks to
allow this cheap protein to go straight to the market. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">It probably remains one of the most perfect illustrations of
the paradoxes that human development causes, as well as being one of the
first. The result was that the number of
passenger pigeons started declining, while the slave plantations and industrial
networks that supported them grew. Within a short time the numbers of
passengers pigeons had fallen to a critical level, at which point the birds
that had evolved to live in large social communities were unable to survive.
The population decline was transformed into a population nosedive. By the turn
of the century the passenger pigeons were extinct. Slavery was abolished which
begs a curious question; was the collapse of slavery driven partly by the
economics becoming less favourable due to the loss of a cheap protein source?
The only survivor was the industrialised system which then went on to exploit
other natural sources. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">A similar argument played out in the cod fisheries in
Newfoundland which were once <span style="color: #0e0f0e; line-height: 115%;">world's most productive
fishing grounds. <a href="http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/oceans/seafood/understanding-the-problem/overfishing-history/cod-fishery-canadian/">The</a>
first European explorers described the waters as being so full, one just had to
lower a basket into the water and it would come up filled with cod. Up to the
1950s the bounty of the Grand Banks was enough to supply local small-scale
fishing, as well as feed millions of harp seals. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0e0f0e; line-height: 115%;"><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #0e0f0e;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">But this happy picture was
not to last. The Grand Banks fishery was destroyed by technological advances in
fishing techniques in the 1950s and 60s. Small artisan fishing boats found
themselves competing with trawlers modelled on the factory whaling ships that
had devastated the last remaining whale populations.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Surexploitation_morue_surp%C3%AAcheEn.jpg/800px-Surexploitation_morue_surp%C3%AAcheEn.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="250" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Surexploitation_morue_surp%C3%AAcheEn.jpg/800px-Surexploitation_morue_surp%C3%AAcheEn.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0e0f0e;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0e0f0e;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The giant trawlers came from distant countries, attracted by the
seemingly endless bounty of the fishery. Their huge nets took unprecedented
amounts of fish, which they would quickly process and deep-freeze. The trawlers
worked around the clock, in all but the very worst weather. In an hour they
would haul up to 200 tonnes of fish; twice the amount a typical 16th century
ship would catch in an entire season.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0e0f0e;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">In 1968, the cod catch peaked at 800,000 tonnes. By 1975, the
annual catch had fallen by more than 60 per cent. Catches of other fish species
were also plummeting. In a desperate attempt to increase catches Canada
extended its fishing limit for foreign vessels from 12 to 200 miles from the
coast.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0e0f0e;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">As cod catches declined, factory trawlers used ever more
powerful sonar and satellite navigation to target what was left. This led to
overall catches remaining steady throughout the 1980s. But traditional inshore
fishermen noticed their catches declining. The government, most members of
which owned shares in industrial fishing companies, refused to listen to them,
or to the growing scientific warnings that cod was in crisis. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0e0f0e;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Politicians also feared that cutting the quota would lead to
politically unacceptable job losses, but their short-term thinking led to
catastrophe.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0e0f0e;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">By 1992, when the cod catch was the lowest ever measured, the
government was forced to close the fishery. The moratorium put 40,000 people
out of work in 5 Canadian provinces, and required a several billion dollar
relief package to be disbursed to coastal communities.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #0e0f0e;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">In 1993 the moratorium,
initially put in place for two years, was extended indefinitely. In 2003, the
two main populations of Atlantic cod were added to Canada's list of endangered
species. Recovery efforts are hampered by the trawling for other species that
still goes on in the area, and which often leads to high levels of cod as
bycatch.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0e0f0e;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Like passenger pigeons, the
cod lived in huge shoals. Like the flocks of the passenger pigeons, the size of
the shoals and population density was a critical factor in their survival. With
a large population density, larger cod would predate on other fish and
crustations that would otherwise threaten the cod nurseries. Once the population density fell below a
critical level, recovery is virtually impossible. Since the moratorium in 1993
still no reliable recovery in cod stocks have occurred, and what catches were
allowed were still </span><a href="http://www.bristolseafood.com/media/weekly-market-report"><span style="font-family: inherit;">reported</span></a><span style="font-family: inherit;"> as
declining in 2013. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0e0f0e;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The Passenger pigeons
extinction and cod crash raise an interesting question for humanity. If these
social animals have a critical population level, below which recovery is
impossible and extinction becomes inevitable, what is the critical population
for human societies?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0e0f0e;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Pre industrialisation, it would
have been relatively low as food was abundant in the local environment and skills
were honed to exploit and sustain these. Those tribes still living nomadically
across the world at the beginning of the 20<sup>th</sup> century were testimony
to this, from the Australian Aboriginals to the Eskimos of the Arctic.</span> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Eskimo_Family_NGM-v31-p564-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Eskimo_Family_NGM-v31-p564-2.jpg" height="223" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0e0f0e;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Post industrialisation and
post climate change collapse, a very different scenario will emerge. Little natural
environment will be left which can be exploited and sustaining this will be an
almost impossible job. High quality food that was once free, such as passenger
pigeons which could be plucked out of the sky or cod that could be scooped out of the sea, has already long since gone and
will not return in a post climate change collapse environment. What foods we
have today are already energy intensive and dependent on fossil fuel. In a post collapse society they will be even more so. This in turns means that a fossil
fuel industry must be kept going which will be impossible without a large
population to provide the equipment and manufacturing infrastructure. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><br />
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #0e0f0e;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">So the dilemma of the
passenger pigeons and cod stocks comes to haunt us. On the best and most optimistic
assumption, the sustainable global population is considerably less than 1
billion if any degree of industrialisation is be maintained, most likely in the
order of no more than 10 million. Once climate collapse hits us, it is maybe as
low as 1 million people scratching out a living around the Arctic. However, if
this is below the critical level that is needed for survival then that small
band of survivors will succumb. So climate change imposes two conflicting
targets, the sustainable population must go down while the critical level for
long term survival goes up. Once these two levels pass each other, eventual extinction
is unavoidable. <span style="font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #0e0f0e;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #0e0f0e;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">See <a href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/Vortex-Violence-losing-climate-change/dp/150766267X/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1423339639&sr=1-1&keywords=the+vortex+of+violence+and+why+we+are+losing+the+war+on+climate+change">The Vortex of Violence and why we are losing the war on climate change</a></span></span></div>
Kevin Listerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11243536863193796008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35299834.post-1493071041282252472015-01-21T07:28:00.000-08:002015-01-22T08:17:11.711-08:00Geoffrey Clifton-Brown's position on Trident and climate change<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59741" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<img alt="http://kevsclimatecolumn.blogspot.co.uk/2015/01/geoffrey-clifton-browns-position-on.html" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK0JJQP_NHn4xeLbVE_3qdCnZSEaW5l3hrKqdWcwj-lifhgA3McFmzvMC8FKhe0V0rIIKN1J5XdNTkZTDW5sLnGemooVBqM9WubH5EOgojGhU5inUFvl_LsCcgJEDCzyI2F1ms/s1600/clifton-brown_1404357c.jpg" height="205" width="320" /></div>
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59748" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59747" style="background-color: inherit;"><u><strong></strong></u></span></span><br />
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"><u><strong></strong></u></span></span><br />
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"><u><strong></strong></u></span></span><br />
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"><u><strong>Emails with Geoffrey Clifton-Brown MP in response with regard to Trident and climate change.</strong></u> </span></span></div>
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<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span> </div>
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<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span> </div>
<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">Dear Geoffrey, </span></span></div>
<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59740" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span> </div>
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<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span> </div>
<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59767" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59766" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59765" style="background-color: inherit;">Thank you for your reply and clarifying your position. I am however concerned that you have not acknowledged my question</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">s</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> in your response. </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59772" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">This may </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59771" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59770" style="background-color: inherit;">be because they are uncomfortable and you find it easier to ignore</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">than answer these</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">. </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">In this context you are like many others. However, t</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">he </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">questions I have raised are valid</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">; </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">they will not go away and</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> response</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">s</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun
yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> to t</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">hese </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59775" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59774" style="background-color: inherit;">will become more pressing as time progresses</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> and atmospheric CO2 increases</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">. </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59777" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59776" style="background-color: inherit;">So I will try again in the hope that you are prepared to more fully consider the issues I have raised. </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59780" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">To clarify the situation</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">;</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59779" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59778" style="background-color: inherit;"> atmospheric CO2 is at 400 ppm today and </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">it will </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">most likely exceed 450 ppm by 2030</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">. At this </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">level</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">,</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59783" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59782" style="background-color: inherit;"> science predicts unavoidable runaway climate change.</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun
yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">It is</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">probable</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> that this summer the Arctic will be ice free.</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">Th</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">is</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> collapse o</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">f sea ice</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">has </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">already </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59785" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59784" style="background-color: inherit;">triggered large</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">-</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">scale</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> m</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">ethane releases</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> with serious global </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">heating </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">implications</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">.</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> These events are of such </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">profound </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">magnitude that</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59787" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59786" style="background-color: inherit;"> a global c</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">ivilisation </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">c</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">ollapse of unimaginable horror is </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">virtually</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">inevitable</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> and must be planned for</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">. </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">This </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">will happen</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> w</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">ell w</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">ithin the lifetime of the Trident replacements that you are supporting. </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59788" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">You have listed in your reply the efforts that the government is making. </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">Against the background that I paint above</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">, these are wholly inadequate</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">.</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> To put it in perspective, you quote the international budget of £3.87 billion (approximately $6 billion)</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> to help the world's poorest adapt to climate change</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> from 2011 to 2015</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">. This</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> trivial amount is</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> about </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">a thousandth of the global military spending over the same period ($6.8 trillion).</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59792" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">As regards </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">your statement that the govern</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">ment</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> has pressed for an EU target, this offers little assurance. The history of climate change agreements since 1990 has been that ambitious</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> targets are agreed, only to be ignored. There is little to suggest that anything will be different this time round. On the contrary, the UK is pursuing high carbon developments such as airport expansions, shale gas development, </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">deep sea drilling,</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> unsustainable biomass</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">,</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">road building </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">and continuing with </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">coal powered electricity. This contrast between action and intent is supported by a complete lack of debate as to what the </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun
yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">zero carbon economy </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59791" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59790" style="background-color: inherit;">we need to move towards would actually be like. </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun
yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">With the rise of UKIP and other extreme parties across the EU</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">, which are driven in large part on a </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">popularist </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">climate change denial platform, then the risk of failure to meet CO2 </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">targets</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">increases dramatically. </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">Y</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">our response does not explain how this risk can be insulated against. </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59794" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">So I come back to the three </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">unanswered </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">questions</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">that</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> I asked that you </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">to </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">answer before you support</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">ed</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> Trident</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> and which I expand further</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> below</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">:</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></div>
<ol class="yiv1490984968NumberListStyle1 yiv1490984968SCX68582589" start="1">
<li class="yiv1490984968OutlineElement yiv1490984968Ltr yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 48px; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">W</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">ill the intensifying international competition that climate change drives make agreeing on nuclear disarmament impossible in the future?</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></div>
<span class="yiv1490984968ListGhost yiv1490984968SCX68582589"></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59798" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 48px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">If we do not make substantial progress towards nuclear disarmament and nuclear risk reduction</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59797" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59796" style="background-color: inherit;"> now, we never will. The window of opportunity is </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">closing and this election represents one of the few chances on the global stage to force a genuine debate on the merits of nuclear weapons when climate change has now built up such </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">a </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">dangerous momen</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">tum</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">. By contrast, all the political parties are actively co-operating to stay silent on this debate. The result is that we will be lumbered with nuclear weapons to the last days of civilisation</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> and trapped in the competit</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">ive environment they reinforce.</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59801" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59800" style="background-color: inherit;"> As well as this, the high carbon military industrial complex will get first call on the remaining carbon budget plunging the rest of the economy into</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> extreme poverty. </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP
yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 48px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 48px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">I therefore cannot accept the justification that you gave</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun
yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> that we need Trident because </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">"</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 18px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">we do not know how the international environment will change in the future." We now know exactly how the international environ</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 18px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">ment</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 18px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> will change in the future - it will be one of climate change ruin.</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 48px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 48px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 18px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">Likewise, I do not accept your argu</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 18px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">ment</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 18px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> that we need Trident to prevent nuclear threats being made against us. Today, we have Trident, yet Russian jets and submarines continue to threaten us and so far we have not responded with a </span><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">a</span><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> direct threat to Russia of a nuclear attack, and most sane people in this country will hope that we never do. </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="text-align: justify;">
<ol class="yiv1490984968NumberListStyle1 yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59806" start="2">
<li class="yiv1490984968OutlineElement yiv1490984968Ltr yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59805" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 48px; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59804" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59803" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59802" style="background-color: inherit;">Will the ensuing economic collapse make it impossible to guarantee that Trident submarines will remain safe from accidents or premature launches?</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></div>
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</ol>
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<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun
yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59810" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 48px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">As we move towards ecological collapse many of things that as a nuclear power we must have will become unavailable or diminished. </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">Thus, </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">our </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">conventional forces will be cut back leaving our nuclear weapons more vulnerable and prone to either attack or having</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> to be</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> used prematurely to avoid destruction</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> in a first strike</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">. Maintenance </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">cut backs will lead to higher risks of catastrophic accident</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">. Most worryingly of all is that </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59809" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59808" style="background-color: inherit;">people driven mad by climate change will have their fingers on the button. Our political scene may be reasonably stable at the moment, but </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">climate change may result in a </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">Nigel Farage or </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59813" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59812" style="background-color: inherit;">worse being </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">in charge in the coming years.</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59815" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59814" style="background-color: inherit;"> All nuclear weapons states will face these same dilemmas and as all these effects are being driven by the common root cause of climate change they will likely </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">happen simultaneously making them much more unpredic</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">table</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">. </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 96px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Calibri, Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Calibri, Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></div>
<ol class="yiv1490984968NumberListStyle1 yiv1490984968SCX68582589" start="3">
<li class="yiv1490984968OutlineElement yiv1490984968Ltr yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 48px; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph
yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">Will Trident submarines and their missiles become an eternal liability for the survivors of climate change struggling in a dystopian environment?</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></div>
<span class="yiv1490984968ListGhost yiv1490984968SCX68582589"></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 48px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">If </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">you are to support </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">Trident</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">,</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> then </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">you </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">must first address our moral responsibility</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> to the </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">future survivors on the planet following the apocalypse of climate change, that is assuming the weapons have not already been fired. Th</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">e climate change survivors </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">will find themselves in a dystopian world struggling for basic food and staples while having to simultaneously</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">decommission these weapons;</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> a task that we </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">struggle to do today. </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun
yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">I thus return to my previous request of you, it was to satisfactorily answer these three questions before you gave your support to Trident and I make this request again. </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"> </span></div>
<div class="yiv1490984968Paragraph yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59818" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: "Segoe UI", Tahoma, Verdana, "Sans-Serif"; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun
yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">As I have pointed out in on my</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><a class="yiv1490984968Hyperlink yiv1490984968SCX68582589" href="http://kevsclimatecolumn.blogspot.co.uk/2014/12/does-it-matter-if-your-mp-is-etonian.html" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968Underlined yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: underline;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">blog</span></span></a><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> (</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">see "Does it matter if your MP is an </span><span class="yiv1490984968SpellingError yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">Etonian</span><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> Millionaire?</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">")</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">,</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59817" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59816" style="background-color: inherit;"> the privilege that you have been lucky enough to have throughout your life insulates you from the consequences of the decisions that you make. However, climate change</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> will </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">not differentiate</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> and it will be nightmare for all. </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">I hope that this final thought </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">does persuade you to consider these questions more fully because we are </span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;">unavoidably all in</span></span><span class="yiv1490984968TextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;"><span class="yiv1490984968NormalTextRun yiv1490984968SCX68582589" style="background-color: inherit;"> this together. </span></span></div>
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<span class="yiv1490984968EOP yiv1490984968SCX163041588" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Serif; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 19px;">Kevin Lister</span></div>
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<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59826" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-weight: bold;">From:</span></b> "CLIFTON-BROWN, Geoffrey" <cliftonbrowng parliament.uk=""><br /><b><span style="font-weight: bold;">To:</span></b> Kevin Lister <kevin .lister="" btopenworld.com=""> <br /><b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sent:</span></b> Tuesday, 20 January 2015, 14:52<br /><b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Subject:</span></b> RE: The dangerous and unacknowledged linkage between climate change and Trident.</kevin></cliftonbrowng></span> </div>
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Dear Mr Lister</div>
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Thank you for contacting me about Trident and Climate Change.</div>
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<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59827">While I appreciate your concern with this issue, I believe it is absolutely vital that we maintain a continuous independent nuclear deterrent as the ultimate guarantee of our national security. The Government, and its predecessors, have consistently set out the case for maintaining our nuclear deterrent: that although no state currently has both the intent and the capability to threaten the independence and integrity of the UK, we do not know how the international environment will change in the future. We cannot dismiss the possibility that a major direct nuclear threat to the UK might re-emerge.</span></div>
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<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59832">Despite successes over recent decades in limiting the number of states with nuclear capabilities, we cannot rule out a major shift in the international security situation which would put us under grave threat. That is why the Government believes it would not be right unilaterally to give up this capability.</span></div>
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I fully support this position. Given the range of potential nuclear threats the UK could face over the coming years and decades, I believe that maintaining our continuous deterrent is a national security imperative.</div>
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<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59834">As was set out in the Coalition Programme for Government and subsequently in the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review, the Government’s policy is to maintain a continuous submarine-based deterrent and to proceed with the renewal of Trident and the submarine replacement programme. Work on that programme has already begun, although final decisions on the number of replacement submarines to be ordered and the final design will be taken in 2016 at what is known as the ‘Main Gate’ checkpoint of the acquisition programme.</span></div>
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With regards to your concerns about climate change I would like to assure you that it is something the Government takes extremely seriously. </div>
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The UK is taking a leading role on the world stage, working towards a binding global deal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and limit climate change to manageable levels. British Ministers led the push to get European leaders to reach agreement on a historic deal to cut greenhouse gas emissions. EU countries agreed a new 2030 energy and climate policy framework that includes a domestic 2030 EU emissions reduction target of at least 40 per cent.</div>
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This represents a big victory for the UK and it is a vital step towards achieving an international climate agreement at the key Paris conference next year, where all the world's leaders will gather.</div>
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The International Climate Fund was set up by the Government to provide £3.87 billion between 2011 and 2015 to help the world's poorest adapt to climate change and promote cleaner, greener economic growth. In addition, the UK supports efforts to integrate climate change policies into international development plans.</div>
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Through the fund, the UK work in partnership with developing countries to:</div>
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. reduce carbon emissions through promoting low carbon development</div>
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. help poor people adapt to the effects of climate change</div>
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. reduce deforestation</div>
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Britain is leading by example and the Government's flagship Energy Act is based on the premise that the UK needs to decarbonise its energy sector and everything in the Act works towards achieving this goal at the lowest possible cost to the consumer. It puts Britain firmly on track to meet the 2050 target to reduce emissions of all greenhouse gases by 80 per cent.</div>
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I hope this information is of use. </div>
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Yours sincerely</div>
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<i><span style="color: black; font-size: 11pt;">Geoffrey Clifton-Brown</span></i></div>
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<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 11pt;"><img alt="Thumb_house_of_commons_logo" height="64" id="yiv1490984968Picture_x0020_1" src="https://mg.mail.yahoo.com/ya/download?mid=2%5f0%5f0%5f2%5f5826827%5fALAo5C4AAAovVL%2fDSQAAAB9EAT8&pid=2.2&fid=Sent&inline=1&appid=YahooMailNeo" width="54" /></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #007033; font-size: 14pt;">Geoffrey Clifton-Brown, F.R.I.C.S. M.P</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #007033; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></b></div>
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<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1421845632993_59842" style="color: #007033; font-size: 11pt;">Member of Parliament for The Cotswolds</span></div>
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<span style="color: #00642d; font-size: 11pt;">T: 020 7219 5147</span></div>
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<span style="color: #00642d; font-size: 11pt;">E: </span><a href="mailto:cliftonbrowng@parliament.uk" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" ymailto="mailto:cliftonbrowng@parliament.uk"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">cliftonbrowng@parliament.uk</span></a><span style="color: #00642d; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: #00642d; font-size: 11pt;">W: </span><a href="http://www.geoffreycliftonbrown.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="color: #00642d; font-size: 11pt;">www.cliftonbrown.co.uk</span></a></div>
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Kevin Listerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11243536863193796008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35299834.post-27493923066494906602014-12-29T03:18:00.000-08:002014-12-29T03:18:03.112-08:00Festive greeting to MPs in the lead to the General election<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Wishing you all a happy new year. </div>
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The festivities and consumerism of this time of year make it difficult to appreciate the destruction we face from runway climate change and easy to forget the increasing danger posed by nuclear weapons. I guess this is why it is increasingly encouraged year after year.</div>
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You will already have had two emails from me which link our inability to address climate change with our decision to proceed with Trident. The <a href="http://kevsclimatecolumn.blogspot.co.uk/2014/10/1st-letter-sent-to-all-mps-in-lead-up.html" rel="nofollow" style="color: #2862c5; outline: 0px;" target="_blank">first</a> explained the <a href="http://kevsclimatecolumn.blogspot.co.uk/2014/07/super-exponential-growth-of-atmospheric.html" rel="nofollow" style="color: #2862c5; outline: 0px;" target="_blank">super exponential</a> growth of atmospheric CO2 means we are left with only a couple of years to move to the zero carbon economy needed to avoid the worst nightmares of climate change and that when we hit the critical tipping points the rapidly accelerating trend will drive us deep into the danger zone. The <a href="http://kevsclimatecolumn.blogspot.co.uk/2014/12/2nd-email-to-all-mps-linking-climate.html" rel="nofollow" style="color: #2862c5; outline: 0px;" target="_blank">second</a>, as an open email to Ed Davies, explained that the pursuit of Trident locks us into an industrial race that makes climate change agreements impossible.</div>
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I have received many replies to which I am grateful. A common point made in these was that strict parliamentary protocol prevents MPs other than my own from taking action on my behalf. However, emails on this matter to my MP (Geoffrey Clifton Brown) remain unanswered. This is hardly surprising from a man who said in a hustings debate, with the dismissive arrogance that only an Etonian millionaire can mange, that there is nothing wrong with having more millionaires in the cabinet than women.</div>
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My inability to get representation contrasts sharply to the access that corporations committed to ecological destruction have to the levers of power. It illustrates a fundamental limitation to our democratic system and an inversion of processes - those of us that vote have no influence on critical policy and those corporations that don't vote do. </div>
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The many replies reflected a range of views to which I am grateful. At one extreme David Davies (Monmouth) from the Conservatives claimed that the climate has not changed for the last 17 years. Perhaps as a keen amateur boxer, his brains have been too bashed out to see the obvious, or perhaps he is just more honest in his denial than those who pretend to do something, yet do nothing At the other extreme where receptive MPs from all parties.</div>
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In my previous emails, I advocated that nuclear weapons and climate change talks must be integrated. In my <a href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/The-Vortex-Violence-losing-climate-ebook/dp/B00PUNSI06" rel="nofollow" style="color: #2862c5; outline: 0px;" target="_blank">book </a>I have demonstrated that unless this is done, then the chance of success in either is less than finding a single atom at random from all the atoms that make our planet. The extraordinary collapse in the price of oil driven by the economic warfare Saudi Arabia is waging on Iran as a result of the nuclear weapons stand off and abetted by American actions to do the same to Russia has validated this more brutally than all the detractors could have imagined. It makes the failure of the Lima COP talks even more stark and keeps the chance of a worthwhile agreement in Paris at absolute zero. The result being a world about to embark on a last binge of cheap fossil fuel consumption as the ice cap collapses and methane belches from the Arctic.</div>
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The unavoidable reality is that the nuclear weapons standoffs around the world are making any chance of controlling the decent into the chaos of runaway climate change impossible. The <a href="http://business.financialpost.com/2014/12/27/nevermind-u-s-shale-saudi-arabias-oil-power-play-targets-irans-economy/" rel="nofollow" style="color: #2862c5; outline: 0px;" target="_blank">extraordinary events</a> of the last weeks make it more important than ever for us to recongnise the linkage between the decision we make on nuclear weapons and our failure to address climate change. Instead, we are increasingly being left with the question of how many more festive seasons there will be left to enjoy. </div>
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Perhaps in the spirit of direct democracy that the independence vote in Scotland demonstrated and the EU referendum that the Conservatives promise, the decision to proceed with nuclear weapon deployments in the face of runaway climate change can be put to the people if the election result does not cause its abandonment. The nature of the UK political environment uniquely allows this debate and politicians should not squander the opportunity it provides.</div>
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Kevin Listerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11243536863193796008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35299834.post-71777631153994369722014-12-13T01:56:00.001-08:002014-12-14T02:03:10.455-08:00The cost of the illusion and can we avoid a slide to a totalitarian state.<br />
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Talk given on 12th Dec at Swindon, click <a href="http://media.wix.com/ugd/1741a6_c8851a027f86454bb3ae62afe0751b1c.ppt?dn=Presentation%206.ppt">here</a> or <a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1cV5YMsHTobiUydjm-5zAoLTWxknj6zNvRZYzXbSLHQY/edit?usp=sharing">here</a><br />
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As the cost of climate change mounts can we avoid a totalitarian state?<br />
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<br />Kevin Listerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11243536863193796008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35299834.post-40937968292433472602014-12-09T08:41:00.000-08:002014-12-09T08:43:09.801-08:002nd email to all MPs linking climate change and nuclear weapons<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1417731380112_52306" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 16.3636360168457px;">
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The following email has been send to Ed Davey, <span style="font-size: 16.3636360168457px;">climate change secretary</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> and copied to all other MPs. At the time of writing, Ed Davey is attending the COP talks in Lima as the prognosis for climate change continues to exceed the worst case scenarios by increasingly severe margins:</span></div>
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<u id="yui_3_7_2_1_1417731380112_52304"><span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1417731380112_52303">Attn: Mr Edward Davey MP Climate Change secretary </span></u></div>
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<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1417731380112_52284">Dear Mr Davey, </span></div>
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<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1417731380112_52285">I recently circulated an <a href="http://kevsclimatecolumn.blogspot.co.uk/2014/10/1st-letter-sent-to-all-mps-in-lead-up.html" rel="nofollow" style="color: purple; outline: 0px;" target="_blank">email</a> to all MPs questioning the logic of pursuing a nuclear deterrent when the overwhelming evidence is that a complete and devastating economic collapse will occur during its operational life time due to the combined effects of climate change and energy shortages. In fact, the financial constraints that the government is now having to manage and which are evident in the Autumn Spending statement are indicative that the economic collapse has already started.</span></div>
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<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1417731380112_52296">My email highlighted that by pursuing Trident, it makes agreement on climate change impossible due to the massive military industrial complex that must be kept operational and which can only be funded by an expanding economy. Both of these reinforce competitive engagement between nations at a time when co-operation is desperately needed. It therefore extinguishes any slight hope we may have.</span></div>
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<span id="yui_3_7_2_1_1417731380112_52309">MPs from all parties responded. However, with the exception of the smaller parties, few responses demonstrated any acknowledgment of the extreme danger that climate change is likely to cause in the very near future (i.e. within 10 years). Indeed, the Labour Party front bench said in its <a href="http://kevsclimatecolumn.blogspot.co.uk/2014/11/response-from-labour-party-front-bench.html" rel="nofollow" style="color: purple; outline: 0px;" target="_blank">response</a> that climate change and nuclear weapons were separate issues and back benchers from from the governing coalition continued to virtually dismiss climate change as a serious issue. This is demonstrating the old adage that if it is easier to avoid taking hard action than facing it, this is what will be done, irrespective of the evidence.</span></div>
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In your interview in the <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/environment/climatechange/11262835/One-year-to-save-the-planet-from-climate-change-disaster-Ed-Davey-warns.html">Telegraph</a>, you have admitted that any agreement in the Lima COP talks is unlikely to be adequate to stop the global temperature rising above 2 deg C and that we have only one year to take action to save the planet. In this case, if you stay silent you are contributing to the writing of our suicide note.</div>
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You have no choice. If you are serious about climate change and Britain playing a full role in developing a global agreement to give life on this planet just the slightest hope of survival, then you must link climate change and nuclear weapons talks together at the highest level.</div>
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This email will be copied to all MPs</div>
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Kevin Lister</div>
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Kevin Listerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11243536863193796008noreply@blogger.com0